Pathonial prolapse disease prevention and control

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Diseases of ponds, ponds, and disease control and use of drugs

First, disease prevention methods

The main purpose of breeding catfish tails is for export. To ensure the smooth progress of culture and export, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases in the breeding process and to master the principles of use of fish medicines so as to prevent the spread of diseases and drugs. Excessive residue caused unnecessary economic losses.

(I) Principles for the use of fish medicines for pollution-free aquatic products

The production of pollution-free aquatic products must meet the requirements of environmental conditions such as water quality, soil and atmosphere, and have high requirements for production input products (feed, fertilizer, fish medicine, etc.), among which disease control and drug use are the most critical technologies. Measures. Therefore, aquaculture producers must master the principles of use of fish medicines.
Disease prevention is an important task in the production of channel catfish. The use of fish and drugs should strictly abide by the relevant regulations of the state and relevant departments, and use “three effects” (efficiently) based on the principle of not harming human health and destroying the ecological environment of waters. , quick-acting, long-acting) "three small" (small toxicity, small side effects, small dosage) of fish medicine. The functions of fish medicines are numerous. For aquaculture production, there are mainly the following aspects: preventing diseases, treating diseases, eradicating, controlling predators, and improving the environment. Currently used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial, viral aquaculture animal diseases and improve the water environment Quanchiposa fish medicines are calcium oxide (lime), bleach, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorine dioxide, dibromo Hydantoin, tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine and the like. The commonly used fish medicines for killing and controlling parasite protozoa include sodium chloride (salt), copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium permanganate, trichlorfon, and the like. These fish medicines are commonly used for body immersion and hanging. And Quanchiposa. Common internal medicines include oxytetracycline, oral oxolinic acid, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole. Chinese herbs include garlic, allicin powder, rhubarb, astragalus, cork, gallnut, hollow lotus and Sophora flavescens, etc., which can be splashed with the Chinese herbal infusion and fed with baits.

(B) Scientific and rational drug use

Appropriate use of drugs or methods, plays a decisive role in the control effect, medication methods are internal methods, Quanchiposa, body bath method, hanging bag hanging method, injection method, local smear method and indirect administration method. There are three most commonly used.
1. Quanchiposa this method with its efficacy is not affected by the appetite of farm animals, as long as the drug is fully dissolved and spilled evenly, all individuals can be exposed to drugs.
2. Body bath This method is one of the effective methods to prevent diseases, improve the survival rate of seedlings and protect the environment. The method is to concentrate the seeds in the water of a small container, use a high concentration of drugs for a short period of time, force the animals of the cultured animals to receive the drugs, and disinfect the body surface. The method uses less drugs and has a good control effect, but it is more troublesome.
3. Oral law, also known as bait method. According to the disease condition of the cultured animals, the corresponding medicine is mixed in the feed, and the medicine is taken into the body with the feed, so that it functions in the body. This method has a good effect on the prevention of parasites and bacterial infections in the body. When using drugs, it is necessary to prevent the abuse of drugs and blindly increase the dose or increase the number of medications and prolong the use of drugs.

(three) to prevent drug residues

The so-called drug residue, that is, the prototype compound of fish drug and its metabolites remaining in any edible portion of the aquatic product, includes impurities related to the drug body. The “Limits for Fish Residues in Pollution-free Foods and Aquatic Products (NY5070-2002)” stipulates that chloramphenicol, furazolidone, diethylstilbestrol, and olaquindox must not be detected in aquatic products. Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfonamides and synergists (iodoaminopyrimidine, sulphadiazine, etc., by total amount) allow the highest amount/concentration of 100 μg/kg to be present on the surface or inside the aquatic product. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the withdrawal period, that is, the shortest period of time from the last day of drug administration until aquatic products are listed and sold as food. Such as the withdrawal period of some commonly used drugs: bleaching powder ≥ 5 days; sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorine dioxide ≥ 10 days; oxytetracycline ≥ 30 days (sputum) ≥ 21 days (carp); Oral oxolinic acid ≥ 25 days (鳗鲡) ≥ 21 days (catfish, sweetfish) ≥ 16 days (other fish); sulfamonoxeoxypyrimidine ≥ 37 days (bismuth); florfenicol ≥ 7 days (bismuth) .

(D), to eliminate the banned fish medicine

The "Guidelines for the Use of Non-Hazardous Foods and Fishery Drugs (NY5071-2002)" stipulates that the use of fish poisons that are highly toxic, high residue, or have a toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, or metamorphic) toxicity is strictly prohibited. It is forbidden to use fish medicines that are seriously damaged and difficult to repair in the water environment. It is forbidden to sprinkle antibiotic directly into cultured waters. It is strictly forbidden to use newly developed drugs as major or minor constituents of fish medicines. Banned fish medicines include the following types and species: Dimethoate, hexacylammonium, lindane, toxaphene, DDT, calomel, mercurous nitrate, mercuric acetate, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diterpenoids, cyfluthrin, Pentachlorophenol sodium, malachite green, trypancaptoamide, potassium antimony tartrate, sulfathiazole, sulfaguanidine, nitrofurazone, furazolidone, furans, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, bacitracin zinc, tylosin, ring Profloxacin, avoparoxine, quinoline acetic acid, speed up fat, diethylstilbestrol, methyltestosterone. These drugs are absolutely prohibited in the production of pollution-free aquatic products. Otherwise, they will be rejected by one vote. The U.S. Keton Feed Outline does not approve any of the drugs used for livestock and fish. It only approved enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin for poultry, and approved enrofloxacin, difloxacin and malbofloxacin. Obifloxacin is used in companion animals.

Second, the fish tail disease? Prevention and treatment of fish disease

(a) Prevention

In the prevention and control of fish diseases, we must establish the ideas of prevention and treatment, early treatment of diseases, and early prevention of disease-free diseases. One of the most important things is to insist. Some people have prevented the fish from feeling sick for several times, and their medication has increased costs. This idea is wrong. During the illness of the fish, not only the heavy dose of medicine is used for treatment, but also due to the death caused by fish diseases, the growth is slow. Larger doses may also cause the drug to remain in the fish. Therefore, the cost of early prevention is more than that of treatment.
1. Thoroughly sterilize the ponds and surrounding fish before they enter the pond, kill the enemy's harmful organisms and pathogens, and at the same time dip the fish seeds with 3% salt for about 5 minutes.
2, every 10 days with bleach, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorine dioxide, dibromohydantoin, tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine and other water disinfection drugs Quanchiposa once, concentration Refer to the instruction manual or the technician's instructions. Do not use the drug twice in the rest of the same drug to avoid accumulation of the drug in fish. The drug withdrawal period refers to the form "drugs and drug withdrawal periods allowed in American channel fork culture". Pay attention to the sprinkling evenly when using the fish during the incubation period, and the locality caused by uneven spraying
3. Check the size and health status of the fish species and observe whether the fish feeding and activities are normal. Fish species raised in ponds must be checked for parasites (mainly trichophae, ringworm, and small melon worms) on ticks, fins, and body surfaces.
4, every 15 days use trichlorfon or "Exterminator" fishery insecticide Quanchiposa again, so as to avoid excessive parasites, causing unnecessary losses;
5. Pay attention to tools for isolation of diseased fish and disinfection of infected fish.
6, monthly feeding oxytetracycline, allicin, etc. made of baits for a course of treatment, each treatment lasts 4-6 days to prevent the occurrence of fish enteritis,.

(b) Treatment of common American caterpillar disease

In the production of common and more harmful diseases, there are diseases such as echinococcosis, bacterial rot, nutrition syndrome and so on.

1, septicemia of catfish ileum

Symptoms: Acute septicemia Fish have small erythema or congestion throughout the body, and the liver and other internal organs also have similar spots, and pale silk. The body cavity is full of bloody body fluids; the hindgut anus often has bleeding symptoms and the intestines are full of bloody or light red mucus. When the pathogen infects the brain, the sick fish often make a loop and soon die. Brain tissue develops granulomatous inflammation, with cranial rostral head rot, brains exposed, and perforation of the head.

Control methods:

Add oxytetracycline 20--50 milligrams or sulfa drugs 100--200 milligrams or norfloxacin 20 milligrams per kilogram of feed, fed for 5 to 7 days. Quanchiposa disinfectant solutions such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate and chlorine dioxide.

2. Pathogens of small melon worms: small melon worms.

Symptoms: The surface of the fish, ticks, fins, mouth, etc., due to parasitization of the small melon worms form white spots below 1 mm, when the condition is severe, it is filled with small white spots, the epidermis is eroded, shedding, and even the fins and blinks. The main hazards are less than 100g fish species, diseased fish weight loss, dark body color, abnormal swimming, and finally died of breathing difficulties. Popular seasons: Generally, in the spring and autumn, when the water temperature is 15-20°C, it is the peak period of onset.
Therapeutic method: Scyleophthaldosis is one of the most common and most harmful diseases in the production of cage culture in the United States. Once an outbreak occurs, in addition to the use of complex copper fish Quanchiposa, copper sulfate must not be used. At 90 o'clock on sunny days When using the bell, observe the fish's activity during the treatment to prevent the phenomenon of fish floating in hypoxia.

3, Sphaerotheca pathogens: more species, common water mold and cotton mold.

Symptoms: In general, fish are not damaged due to damage caused by fish. When the naked eye sees it, the mycelium has invaded from the wound and grows outwards. It may appear as grey-white cotton hair, commonly known as “green hair”. The diseased fish is mucous, slow swimming, loss of appetite, and finally died of thinness. Popular season: In winter and spring seasons, the water temperature is 5-18°C, and it is easy to happen after 5-7 days, especially when the fish is placed in the cage. It is a disease that causes more serious damage.
Treatment: povidone iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine, iodine iodine) (effective iodine 1.0%) compound quaternary ammonium salt, dibromohydantoin, chlorine dioxide and other disinfecting drugs Quanchiposa, the concentration of reference to the instructions.

4, bacterial skin disease

Symptoms: The diseased side of the fish is more common in plaque-like albino, peeling, and ulceration on both sides of the caudal peduncle. Fish bone can be seen in severe cases. The disease is more common in larger fish (above 500g) and it spreads rapidly. Popular seasons: Summer and autumn, when the water temperature is high.
Treatment methods: The following methods are available for treatment: Dipping with dibromohydantoin, bleaching powder or Bromochlorohydanthin diluted in Quanchiposa, with reference to the concentration.

5, bacterial bleeding

Symptoms: The diseased fish has obvious congestion in the mouth, mandible, around the eyelids, in the area of ​​the silk, and fin bases, congestion in the intestines, enlargement of the liver, and lighter or whiter body color.
Treatment: bleaching powder, strong chlorine, chlordiazepine and other disinfection drugs diluted with water Quanchiposa, each, at the same time, fed oxytetracycline, the amount of 50-80mg/kg fish weight, continuous 5-7 days. Or take herbal medicine baits, referring to the table "U.S. speckled fish farming permits the use of drugs and drug withdrawal period".

6, hypoxia syndrome

Symptoms: The fish is gray in color, poor in appetite, slow in growth, prolonged swimming on the water layer, poor resistance to disease, and susceptible to other diseases such as bacterial skin decay.
Control methods: Fill the new water regularly and eliminate the old water. Prevent water quality deterioration and lead to long-term lack of oxygen in the water body.

7, nutritional syndrome

Symptoms: The fish is pale or white in color, lacking in appetite, short in body shape, poor in resistance to disease, impatience and disruption in transportation, and severe bleeding from the surface and fins.
Control methods: Stop using inappropriate feeds and use feeds produced by professional feed manufacturers. Targeted supplements lack nutrients in the feed.

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