Seed soaking and germination of hybrid rice seeds will result in peasant numbness every year and failure to follow the technical regulations for breeding to damage the seeds or damage the shoots, thus causing unnecessary economic losses. Through many years of observations, the author summarized the causes of damage to buds in hybrid rice varieties and proposed countermeasures. 1 Causes damage to buds 1.1 Alcoholism When soaked with water, rice seeds are mainly anaerobic and less oxygen is needed. Once it enters the germination, it turns to aerobic respiration, and the oxygen demand increases rapidly. If the oxygen supply is insufficient at this time, rice seeds will passively be anaerobicly respired, resulting in a large accumulation of alcohol in the body and alcohol poisoning. Seeds Sticky and odor causing damage to buds. If rice seeds are soaked in water for a long time, the water source cannot be renewed in time, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water will drastically drop. The rice seeds will suffer from alcohol poisoning. 1.2 Mold Infection Each batch of seeds has some dead seeds that carry germs. During the soaking process, nutrients in the contents of good seeds and bad seeds continuously ooze out. If the water source is not updated in time, the nutrients in the water will continue to accumulate, and the mold will be rich in nutrients to reproduce in large numbers. Both directly infect the seeds and consume oxygen in water, indirectly triggering alcoholism. 1.3 high temperature firing bud When the seeds collapsed and fell to the valley and the temperature reached 35°C or above, sprouting occurred. Before and after the seed collapsing, the seed physiologically and vigorously breathes, and the seedlings warm up quickly. If the temperature is not timely, once the temperature exceeds 35-40°C, the seed will lose its vitality. In the long-root long-bud period, if the seedling temperature exceeds 25°C, the root buds will not grow well, and the buds will be burned. The light growers will only shoot long and will not take root. After the film is covered, after the sowing, the temperature rise fails to remove the film in time, and the grass layer under the film is not thick, and it is easy to cause burning. 1.4 Hypoxia stuffy buds Enough oxygen is needed during seed emergence, otherwise seedlings may occur. Such as wet seedlings, seedlings not sinking, seed buds sink deep, the emergence rate is low, and the emergence of seedlings, delayed emergence. Film education, such as the film close to the surface, the seed under the surface will be unable to emerge due to lack of oxygen. 1.5 dead plants After emergence of seed buds, if the temperature is low or the temperature difference is too large, blight and other diseases may occur, causing dead seedlings. For example, thin film seedlings, dry seedlings, and water-absorbing films can cause dead seedlings. In addition, excessive fertilizer in Dianchi basal fertilizer resulted in too much ammonia in the soil and dead seedlings in the seedling root system. Herbicides were also used improperly to cause dead seedlings. 2 main technical measures to prevent loss of seed damage 2.1 Good germination rate To reputable merchants to buy trustworthy seeds. Before the seeds are sown, the germination rate should be checked to ensure that the seeds used meet national standards. 2.2 Promote Dry Nursery At present, there are many ways to cultivate eucalyptus, such as moist seedlings, thin film seedlings, greenhouse cultivation, and dry seedlings. Practice has proved that dry aphids can both improve the quality of seedlings, increase effective panicles, increase production, and save on seed use, avoid burning buds, and save costs. Dry seedlings can be planted directly from dry seeds, but they can also be soaked with chemicals for one day and one night. Seeds are rinsed and cleaned. 2.3 Put a good soaking off Wet seedlings and thin film seedlings should be germinated by daily exposure to night dew, soaking in running water, and seed not growing on the nest. 2.3.1 insist on soaking alone Compared with conventional rice, hybrid rice has a thin shell, poor closure, rapid water absorption, and early germination time. If soaked and germinated together with conventional rice, alcohol poisoning or high-temperature burning will occur due to early entry into the germination, high-temperature collapse period. Therefore, hybrid rice seeds must be soaked individually. 2.3.2 Adhere to drug treatment According to the requirements of the local agricultural technology department, soaking seeds with Soaking Seed Spirit, Shibao Ke, Bad Miaoling, Strong Chloride and so on can effectively control the damage of mold, Rhizoctonia, and Bacillus subtilis. When the seed soaking is started, the medicine is injected. According to the technical requirements, the concentration and time of the soaking are determined according to the temperature, the kind and amount of the medicine, and after the soaking of the medicine is finished, the seeds are immediately removed and washed. 2.3.3 Sticking to Soaking in Living Water The treated seeds were filled into air-breathable, water-permeable seed bags. Each bag was loaded to a maximum of 5 kg, and the water quality was good. The bag was hung from the upper stream of the river and soaked. The surface layer of oxygen in the river is high in temperature and is conducive to water absorption and chest collapse. Under the premise of guaranteeing that the seed is completely submerged, the seed bag should be close to the water surface, and the shallower the better, the bottom must not touch the bottom of the river. If there is no flowing river, tap water can be used instead of flowing water. Note that the depth of the water layer does not exceed 10cm. 2.3.4 insist on washing many times a day Soak the seed with water before soaking, remove pods, diseased grains, and rice grains. During the soaking of living water, the seeds and bags are carefully panned about every 3 hours to remove the infected germs. 2.3.5 Sticking to Night Exposure Seed soaking every day (1h during the day at noon), dipping the daily dipping seeds from the water into the room in the evening and evenly spreading them on a mat together with a bag, the thickness not exceeding 25cm, and padding 10cm thick straw underneath. The next morning, the seeds were hung in the river. Such a day immersed in night dew for 3-4d, the seeds can be sown with white chest, and it is strictly forbidden to germinate on the nest. If the temperature is low, the seeds can be covered with the above, but not too thick, generally not more than 10cm; can not block the seed with a film, can cause oxygen deficiency species, in particular, can not use hot water heating. If the temperature is low and the day-to-night exposure is 3-4 days, if the root buds are still short, do not germinate. Instead, the seeds should be sowed directly. After the wet sowing, the plants should not be collapsed and the seeds should be covered with dry fine soil. 2.3.6 Stick to practice buds The day before seeding, the seeds should be spread out and the resistance to low temperature should be enhanced. 2.4 Improve the quality of Dianchi Lake It is necessary to do a good job of maturing in Dianchi Lake before winter, strengthen the construction of Dianchi Lake, support the ditch system, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, and reduce the use of quick-effect fertilizer. The wet Dianchi Lake should be well-guarded one day before the fall of the valley to ensure that the seedlings are flat and solid and do not fall into the valley upon sowing the next day. 2.5 Enhanced post-cast management After falling, it is necessary to intensify management according to the operation rules for childbirth. There is no stagnant water before the emergence of wet slats; film seedlings are not allowed to “paste the plasterâ€; dry and eel cultivars must sort out the gully, and timely irrigation and drainage.
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