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Winter wheat pre-wintering and irrigation techniques Before the start of wintering (average temperature of 0°C) in winter wheat, the main goal of field management is to ensure the safe wintering of wheat and to create favorable conditions for normal spring return and growth in spring. For example, if the seedlings are strong before winter and there are no shortages of fertilizers, they will not be able to water and fertilize in the next year, so as to avoid the decrease in soil temperature caused by irrigation, which is beneficial to turning green wheat. In addition to the high soil fertility and good sensation in Miao Miao, appropriate fertilization and irrigation should be carried out. The specific approach should be based on local conditions: the plots of insufficient moisture (less than 12% of the soil moisture in 0~10 cm soil layer during the three-leaf stage). In order to stabilize the daily average temperature at 3°C~4°C, i.e., irrigating the winter water when the soil is chilling and thawing at night, we must first pour the weak seedlings, pour the postfertile seedlings of the defertilizers, and provide sufficient strong seedlings to the bottom pods. It can be combined with proper amount of winter irrigation water, but the amount of nitrogen applied should not be too large. Generally, 3 to 5 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be applied per mu, and fields without phosphorus, potassium or phosphorus and potassium deficiency can be used. It is also possible to apply appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers before irrigation.
Apple Integrated Pest Control Technology Apples, pears and other northern fruit orchards must be controlled before the winter on the basis of autumn basal fertilizers: deep orchard turnover. It is usually carried out in early November to thicken the living soil, promote new roots, and increase the vitality of the roots; it also kills the pests that have been used to winterize in the soil by deep tumbling. Branches trimmed. After the fruit is harvested, all fresh shoots and late shoots that have not yet grown will be picked up; branches, dense branches, cross branches, and unusable legume branches will be cut or shortened to improve ventilation and light transmission, and to reduce nutrients. No loss. Clear Garden. During the dormant period of fruit trees, the orchards must be thoroughly cleaned to eliminate the source of overwintering insects. At the same time, the diseased fruit, diseased shoots and fallen leaves in the garden were cleared and burned or buried deeply. Chemical control. After clearing the garden, the entire garden is sprayed with an eradicating agent to eliminate the remaining pests on the branches. Before the fruit trees fall into the soil and freeze, prepare a whitening agent to brush the trunk and main branches to reduce or avoid frost damage and eliminate the fruit trees. Overwintering pests in tree trunk split skin.
Citrus freezing injury prevention and control technology Citrus is a southern evergreen fruit tree, which is more vulnerable to frost damage or ice and snow than the northern deciduous fruit trees. In severe cases, orange trees are covered with snow and ice, branches are broken, and leaves are curled; young fruit trees and grafted parts are more vulnerable to freezing temperatures and freezing snow. It is necessary to start comprehensive prevention and control from pre-winter prevention and post-ice and snow control: irrigation. Water is sprayed 7 to 10 days before freezing to increase soil water content, stabilize water, and maintain soil temperature. earth. Pick soil from outside the garden or borrow from the rows, cover the roots of the trees and trunks near the ground and cover and cultivate the young trees. The nursery should be covered with straw and a film. Wrap the trunk. On the big trees, the trunk and the main branches shall be evenly painted with lime, and the trunk shall be wrapped with straw, etc., and a layer of film shall be added on the outside to prevent freezing and freezing. Smoked. On a sunny day after the snow, the smokestacks were evenly distributed in the orangery and smoked with residual leaves, weeds, and straw to prevent frost after snow. Clear snow. After the snow fell, the snow on the orange trees was shaken off and the snow in the tree-pan and orange groves was opened until the soil was seen. The snow was sent out of the park in time to prevent radiation cooling and snow melting.
Comprehensive management The above technologies are all aimed at the characteristics of different overwintering crops, and production requires comprehensive management. For example, for winter wheat, it is necessary not only to fertilize and water before winter, but also to promote the combination of control and build a reasonable population. For the rice buckwheat in the Yangtze River basin, we must also dig “Three Ditches†to strengthen field drainage. Winter rape must not only be treated with wax but also be managed separately according to the situation of the seedlings. Weak seedlings should be promoted with weak fertilizers, and Wang Miao should be controlled. Fertilizer to prevent premature bolting; also to prevent direct or indirect (carrying virus) harm to stems such as stem weevil, aphids, and diamondback moth; for apple, pear, citrus and other fruit trees, not only to prevent ice and snow disasters and pests, but also through Autumn basal fertilization and appropriate irrigation of winter water promote root growth and strengthen the nutrient reserves of the tree, laying the foundation for high quality and high yields in the next year.
In short, we must seize key technologies and carry out comprehensive management.
Pre-winter management points for wintering crops
Pre-winter management of overwintering crops Wintering crops basically stop growing before winter, but roots still have a certain absorption capacity for nutrients and water; cold winters threaten crop growth, but they are also good for killing pests and diseases. opportunity. The main role of pre-winter management: First, to cultivate strong seedlings or increase nutrient reserves of trees by proper fertilization and irrigation, and to lay the foundation for growth and development in the next year, which can play the role of two seasons in one season or two years in one year; Second, the winter is cold and the weather is changeable. Crops, especially the winter wheat crops and fruit trees that are prosperous in winter, are prone to frost damage. Through proper protective measures, these crops can be safely passed through winter. Third, winter diseases and pests are dormant or dormant, and they are cleared by deep plowing. The host and spraying of pesticides can prevent pests and diseases.