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Doing well in the autumn soybean production
Han Tianfu, the head of the Institute of Crop Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a leading expert in domestic agricultural technology, has recently conducted field investigations on soybean growth in the northern spring soybean region. His team visited 11 pilot counties across the northeastern provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, focusing on key soybean science and technology projects.
According to Han, the national soybean planting area has declined this year due to fluctuations in both international and domestic prices. To counter this, he emphasizes the need for significant efforts to boost soybean yields. With the Northeast soybean currently in the flowering stage, and the Huanghuaihai region entering the same phase, proper mid-to-late season management is essential for maximizing productivity.
Firstly, considering the delayed sowing caused by early-season droughts and low temperatures in parts of Northeast China, the focus should be on promoting early maturation and timely harvesting. Farmers must enhance field management, apply foliar fertilizers to accelerate ripening, remove weeds, and prevent lodging to ensure healthy development during the later growth stages. For late-sown soybeans, manual weeding and careful soil cultivation are critical to ensure they mature before frost.
Secondly, pest and weed control should be prioritized. Since mid-June, increased rainfall in the Northeast has led to overgrowth in some areas, creating favorable conditions for diseases like gray leaf spot, sclerotinia, downy mildew, and Phytophthora root rot. Insect pests such as soybean borers, aphids, and red spiders also pose potential threats. Therefore, it's crucial to improve monitoring and implement timely interventions. Manual removal of large weeds in early August is also recommended to reduce competition for nutrients and improve seed production.
Thirdly, applying foliar fertilizers based on soybean growth stages is necessary to maintain nutrient supply and prevent premature aging. During the flowering period, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and growth regulators can significantly support plant health and yield.
Fourthly, preparations for meteorological disasters are vital to ensure high yields and quality. The meteorological department should closely monitor hail clouds and take preventive actions promptly. Measures such as shielding or smoldering fires can help protect crops from early frosts, especially in low-lying areas.
Fifthly, timely harvesting is crucial for maintaining quality. Full maturity is essential for both yield and quality, and proper timing ensures a successful harvest. Farmers should prepare their equipment, storage facilities, and drying systems in advance. Harvesting through batch processing, baling, and drying will help streamline operations and preserve product value. Monitoring weather conditions and harvesting before frost is also important to avoid damage.
Sixthly, special attention should be given to purchasing, storing, and selling high-quality soybean varieties to ensure stable prices and higher farmer income.
Lastly, organizing field demonstrations, production assessments, and high-yield competitions can help share best practices, promote new technologies, and improve the efficiency of technical services. These activities encourage innovation and contribute to the sustainable development of soybean production.
In eastern Inner Mongolia, where drought severely affected sowing times, soybeans planted at different times have mixed growth stages. Late-sown soybeans are significantly behind in development. However, in major soybean-producing areas in the Northeast and Huanghuaihai regions, overall growth remains strong with no widespread disease outbreaks. Localized pest issues still occur occasionally, requiring ongoing vigilance and management.