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Doing well in the autumn soybean production
Han Tianfu, chief scientist of the Institute of Crop Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a leading figure in domestic agricultural technology, recently conducted field investigations in 11 pilot counties across the northeastern provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. These visits were aimed at assessing soybean growth in the northern spring soybean region, with the goal of improving yield and production efficiency.
According to Han, the country’s soybean planting area has declined this year due to fluctuating international and domestic prices. To counter this, it is crucial to focus on increasing yields through better management practices. As the Northeastern soybean crops enter the flowering stage, the Huanghuaihai region is also reaching similar growth phases. Effective mid-to-late season management plays a vital role in boosting productivity.
First, given the delayed sowing caused by early-season droughts and low temperatures in parts of Northeast China, the focus should be on promoting early maturity and timely harvest. Field management must be strengthened, including foliar fertilizer application to accelerate ripening, weed removal to prevent lodging, and ensuring healthy development during the later growth stages. For late-sown soybeans, manual weeding and careful soil cultivation are essential to ensure they mature before frost.
Second, pest and weed control are critical. Since mid-June, increased rainfall has led to excessive plant growth in some areas, creating favorable conditions for diseases such as gray leaf spot, sclerotinia, downy mildew, and Phytophthora root rot. Insect pests like soybean borers, aphids, and red spiders also pose threats. Therefore, early monitoring and prompt intervention are necessary. Manual weeding should be carried out in early August to reduce competition for nutrients and improve seed quality.
Third, timely application of foliar fertilizers is important to maintain nutrient supply during the middle and late growth stages. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and growth regulators during the flowering phase can help prevent premature aging and improve overall yield.
Fourth, preparing for potential meteorological disasters is essential to achieve high yields and quality. The meteorological department should enhance radar monitoring of hail clouds and take immediate preventive actions when signs of disasters appear. Measures like shielding and burning should be implemented to protect against early frosts, especially in low-lying areas.
Fifth, timely harvesting is key to maintaining quality. Full maturity is crucial for both yield and quality, and proper timing ensures a successful harvest. Farmers should prepare equipment, storage facilities, and drying systems in advance. Harvesting methods like batch harvesting, baling, and drying should be used to ensure efficiency and product quality. Weather conditions must be closely monitored, and harvesting should be completed before frost damage occurs.
Sixth, focusing on the purchase, storage, and sale of high-quality soybean varieties will help ensure stable commodity prices and increase farmers’ income.
Lastly, organizing field observations, production assessments, and high-yield competitions can help summarize best practices, promote successful models, and explore new ways to improve technical services. This will speed up the adoption of new varieties and technologies, supporting the long-term sustainability of soybean production.
In eastern Inner Mongolia, where drought severely affected planting times, soybeans sown at different times have mixed growth stages. Late-planted soybeans have shown significant delays. However, in major soybean-producing areas of the Northeast and Huanghuaihai regions, most crops are growing well, with no large-scale disease or pest outbreaks. Localized issues still occur but are generally manageable with proper attention.