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Scientists plan to increase rice photosynthesis
Scientists recently unveiled an ambitious plan aimed at significantly boosting rice production, warning that without increased output, millions of people could once again fall into poverty. The proposal was discussed during a key seminar held at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines from July 17 to 21. Attendees, including leading agricultural scientists and researchers, emphasized the need to genetically modify rice to enhance its growth rate and yield.
Traditional methods like crossbreeding have reached their scientific limits, but recent advances in genetic research have opened new possibilities. Scientists have now fully mapped the rice genome, allowing them to explore more sophisticated techniques for improving crop productivity. This breakthrough has sparked renewed interest in optimizing rice’s biological processes to meet global food demands.
A major focus of the discussion was photosynthesis—the process by which plants convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into energy. While rice relies on a basic form of photosynthesis, other crops like corn use a more efficient mechanism called C4 photosynthesis, which allows them to capture carbon dioxide more effectively. This difference makes rice less productive compared to some of its plant counterparts.
To address this, scientists are exploring ways to introduce genes from maize or wild rice relatives that enable this more efficient photosynthetic pathway. By doing so, they hope to create a new generation of rice that can grow faster and produce higher yields with the same or fewer resources.
Although the project is still in its early stages, experts at the conference believe it could take around four years to test the feasibility of the technology. If successful, it may take an additional 10 to 15 years before the first improved rice varieties are ready for large-scale cultivation. Despite the long timeline, many see this as a critical step toward ensuring global food security in the face of growing population demands and climate challenges.