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Abalone culture should pay attention to matters
1. Sea bream farming: The farmer uses multi-layer cages to improve the quality and efficiency of fish rearing. These cages have a diameter of 45-50 cm and a height ranging from 100 to 200 cm. The structure consists of 4 to 10 plastic trays, supported by steel bars and covered with plastic sleeves. Each layer is spaced 20-30 cm apart, and the outer part is enclosed with a zippered net. This design makes feeding, maintenance, and net replacement much easier. The main feed is seaweed, which is both cost-effective and nutritious for the sea bream.
2. Submerged caisson cultivation: This method involves large-scale cages made of a 2m x 2m x 0.8m steel frame, which are sunk to the seabed for breeding. Some of these structures are open at the top and sides, with staggered internal partitions. A belt-like opening allows for water circulation. Cement tanks with zippered nets are also used, placed on the sea floor for abalone cultivation. The environment is stable, leading to good growth rates compared to eel farming. However, feeding and management can be more challenging due to the underwater setting.
3. Shoreline perimeter pool cultivation: In suitable intertidal zones, dikes are constructed to form ponds. Stones, cement boards, and tiles are placed inside as hiding places for abalone. A portion of the pool wall on the ocean side remains open, allowing for water exchange during low tide. Several water outlets serve as channels between the pond and the surrounding seawater. After low tide, the water depth should be maintained at about 1 meter. Seaweed is the primary food source for the abalone in this system.
4. Land-based aquaculture (1) Multi-layer tank farming: This system uses long, shallow tanks arranged in multiple layers. It is often combined with screens and attachment plates to provide surfaces for abalone to cling to. Each tank is 0.5–0.7 m wide and 0.3–0.4 m deep, with lengths varying from 1 to 10 meters. The spacing between layers is around 0.5 m. Some tanks use seaweed as the main diet, while others rely on bait-based feeds. The stocking density varies, with smaller abalone (3–5 cm) at 200–400 per square meter, and larger ones (over 6 cm) at 100–150 per square meter.
(2) Plastic tank aquaculture: In this setup, plastic boxes are used within a cement pool. Each box measures 39 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 12 cm in height. They are stacked 5–7 high and bundled together before being placed in rows within the pool. There are clear operating paths between the rows for easy access. Water is supplied at least 3–6 times the volume of the culture water daily, and continuous aeration is maintained for 24 hours. The feed includes fresh or dried kelp, ensuring a consistent and nutritious diet for the abalone.