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Scientists plan to increase rice photosynthesis
Scientists recently unveiled an ambitious plan to significantly boost global rice production. At a recent seminar held at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines (July 17–21), researchers emphasized that without a major increase in rice output, millions of people could once again fall into poverty. With the world's population continuing to grow, ensuring food security has become more critical than ever.
Traditional methods of increasing rice yield, such as selective crossbreeding, have reached their scientific limits. However, with the complete sequencing of the rice genome, scientists now have the tools to explore more advanced genetic modifications. This breakthrough opens new possibilities for improving rice growth rates and productivity.
A key focus of the discussion was the efficiency of photosynthesis in rice compared to other crops like corn. While rice converts sunlight and carbon dioxide into energy for growth, its process is less efficient. Corn, on the other hand, uses an additional biochemical pathway to capture carbon dioxide, making it more productive. Scientists believe that by introducing specific genes from maize or wild rice relatives that enable this extra step, they can enhance rice’s ability to perform photosynthesis more effectively.
This genetic enhancement project is considered highly challenging but potentially transformative. Experts at the conference noted that it may take around four years to test whether the technology works in controlled environments. Even if successful, developing the first improved rice varieties could take an additional 10 to 15 years before they are ready for widespread use.
The initiative highlights the growing role of biotechnology in addressing global food challenges. As climate change and resource scarcity continue to threaten agricultural systems, innovations like these offer hope for a more sustainable and secure future.