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Sweet potato high-yield pollution-free optimization fertilization technology
Fertility Management in Sweet Potato Cultivation
Sweet potatoes are known for their high potassium requirements. Research shows that for every 1,000 kilograms of fresh tubers produced, the plant absorbs approximately 3.5 kg of available nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5 kg of potassium oxide from the soil. This highlights the importance of balanced nutrient supply to ensure both quality and yield.
The uptake of the three main nutrients varies throughout the growth stages. Potassium is absorbed more than nitrogen, which in turn is absorbed more than phosphorus. The majority of nutrient uptake occurs during the vegetative growth phase and the tuber enlargement stage. Potassium is mainly taken up during the early growth and vine regrowth periods, while nitrogen absorption peaks during the mid-growth phase. Phosphorus is relatively evenly absorbed throughout the season, with a slight increase during the later stages.
Potassium has the most significant impact on sweet potato yield, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. To achieve high-quality and high-yield production, it is essential to apply potassium fertilizers, along with nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers.
To ensure sustainable and high-yield cultivation, an optimized fertilization strategy should be adopted. This includes using scientific formulas to balance nutrients, reducing chemical fertilizer use to minimize environmental pollution, increasing organic and bio-fertilizer application to improve soil health, and utilizing advanced fertilization techniques for better efficiency and ecological safety.
Based on years of research and field practice, a high-yield, low-pollution fertilization model has been developed, capable of producing 3,000 to 4,000 kg of fresh sweet potatoes per acre annually.
1. **Base Fertilization with Organic, Inorganic, and Bio-Inputs**
Sweet potatoes have a long growing period and require substantial nutrients. Therefore, base fertilization is crucial. Soil testing is recommended before applying fertilizers. For soils with above-average fertility (organic matter >1%, available nitrogen >0.05%, available phosphorus >20 ppm, and available potassium >100 ppm), apply 3,000–4,000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 2–3 kg of bio-fertilizer (containing over 200 million bacteria per gram), and 30 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer with NPK content over 15%. If farmyard manure is unavailable, 50–60 kg of fulvic acid-based fertilizer per mu can be used as an alternative. Base fertilizer should be applied at a depth of 25–30 cm to match root distribution. Deep plowing and furrow planting are recommended to improve soil structure.
2. **Topdressing for Nutrient Supplementation**
For under-fertilized plots, topdressing is essential. Apply 7.5–10 kg of amino acid chelated NPK compound fertilizer or 2–3 kg of diammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer per mu during the early tuber expansion phase. Apply directly to the roots through holes or dissolved in water, with each dose ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 kg.
3. **Foliar Fertilization for Balanced Nutrition**
Foliar sprays help enhance plant vigor and improve nutrient uptake. Use high-tech products like Lei Li 2000 functional compound liquid fertilizer, sprayed 3–4 times during the growing season, with 30 bags of 30 kg of solution per acre. This can increase yield by 20–30%. Alternatively, Laoxiang brand bio-liquid fertilizer can be applied three times, with 25 grams per bag mixed in 15 kg of water for spraying on leaves. This method also boosts production by around 30%.
By integrating these practices, farmers can achieve sustainable, high-yield sweet potato production while maintaining soil health and minimizing environmental impact.