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Summer and autumn vegetable seedlings prevent four harms
When lettuce and celery seeds sprout at high temperatures, it becomes difficult to soak them for 8 hours and then wrap them in a damp gauze and place them in a well or a cool area for germination. Alternatively, a low-temperature treatment can be applied. For celery, keeping the seeds at 2°C to 5°C for 48 hours, and for lettuce, at 5°C for 72 hours, can significantly improve germination and increase the germination rate. Additionally, you can sprinkle some straw or crop residue on the seedbed to help regulate temperature. Covering the seedbed with cold-resistant nets, shade cloths, or even old plastic films and non-woven fabrics can also help. Another option is to plant seedlings under taller crops to provide natural shade.
During high-temperature periods, severe vegetable virus diseases are more likely to occur. In addition to the above nursery practices, you can treat mustard and tomato seeds with a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10 minutes, followed by thorough rinsing with clean water. Another method is to inoculate tomatoes with an attenuated virus vaccine. It’s also important to choose virus-resistant varieties, use nylon netting to prevent pests like aphids, apply silver-gray mulch to repel insects, and manage mite infestations promptly.
Heavy summer rains can damage the soil and make it unsuitable for seed germination and seedling emergence. To prevent this, select a high and dry area for the seedbed. In regions prone to heavy storms, use sandy loam soil for better drainage. Ensure that the seedbed has proper drainage channels, and consider using temporary covers to protect against heavy rain. If heavy rain occurs after sowing and the seeds haven’t emerged yet, wait until the rain stops and then gently loosen the topsoil to prevent crusting.
To manage seedlings in the seedbed, ensure the soil is properly prepared before sowing. Water the seedbed in the morning or evening to avoid evaporation. When sowing, do not cover the first hole immediately. Instead, when digging the second hole, use the wet soil from that hole to cover the first one. This technique helps maintain moisture and ensures better seed-to-soil contact.
These methods not only improve germination success but also create a more stable and healthy environment for young plants to grow. By combining temperature control, disease prevention, and proper watering techniques, gardeners can significantly enhance their chances of successful seedling establishment.