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Summer and autumn vegetable seedlings prevent four harms
When lettuce and celery seeds sprout at high temperatures, it can be challenging to soak them for 8 hours and then wrap them in a damp gauze and place them in a well or a cool area to germinate. Alternatively, a low-temperature treatment can be applied: celery should be kept at 2°C to 5°C for 48 hours, while lettuce requires 5°C for 72 hours. This helps promote germination and increases the germination rate. Additionally, you can sprinkle some straw or crop residue on the seedbed, or cover it with cold yarn, shade nets, or even use old plastic films, non-woven fabrics, bamboo curtains, or other coverings. Another option is to grow seedlings under taller crops for natural shade.
Severe vegetable virus diseases often occur during hot weather, so multiple measures should be taken. In addition to the nursery facilities mentioned earlier, mustard and tomato seeds can be treated with a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10 minutes before rinsing thoroughly with clean water. Tomato plants can also be inoculated with attenuated vaccines. It's important to choose virus-resistant varieties, use nylon netting to prevent aphids, apply silver-gray mulch to repel pests, and manage mites promptly.
Heavy summer rains can damage the soil, making it unsuitable for seed germination and seedling emergence. To prevent this, choose a high and dry area for the seedbed. In areas prone to heavy storms, sandy loam soil is ideal for seedlings. Ensure proper drainage around the seedbed and use temporary covers to reduce the impact of heavy rain. If heavy rain occurs after sowing and the seeds are not yet visible, use a shallow cultivator after the rain to prevent the soil surface from becoming compacted.
To avoid seedling damage, ensure the seedbed is properly drained and filled with water before sowing. Prepare the soil thoroughly before planting, and cover the soil immediately after sowing. Apply mulch right after the seedlings emerge. Water the seedbed in the early morning or late evening to avoid evaporation. When sowing, do not cover the first hole immediately. Instead, use the wet soil dug from the second hole to cover the first one. This method helps maintain moisture and ensures better seed-to-soil contact.