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About breeding technology of locust
The Oriental migratory locust, scientifically known as *Locusta migratoria*, is a species of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae. It is one of the most well-known and economically significant locusts due to its wide distribution and adaptability. With over 859 species in the genus *Smilax*, it's important to note that this figure might be a mix-up with another plant genus, but in any case, the locust itself is highly adaptable and resilient.
These locusts are robust in structure, have a broad diet, and can thrive in various environments. After hatching, they develop into adults within about 35 days and reach marketable size after 50 days of feeding. They prefer to feed on plants like reeds, thatch, pennisetum, Lianliancao, and Pancao, but avoid grassy crops such as corn, wheat, sorghum, and millet. When collecting food for young locusts, it's crucial to avoid contaminated or pesticide-laden plants. If unsure, washing the food thoroughly before feeding is recommended.
For those new to raising locusts, it's advisable to purchase initial stocks from reliable farms or breeders, either as eggs or nymphs. However, caution is needed when dealing with unverified sellers, as the market can sometimes be unreliable.
To begin breeding, constructing a suitable shed is essential. The area should be free of ants, crickets, and other natural predators of locusts, which can harm eggs and nymphs. The floor should be elevated by 10–15 cm to prevent waterlogging, and sandy loam soil is ideal because it’s easy to manage and suitable for egg-laying. A small plot of land with single-leaf crops like wheat can also be used for planting.
The size of the shed depends on the number of locusts being raised. For example, 10,000 locusts require around 15 square meters. Simple materials like bamboo, sticks, and metal frames can be used to build the structure. A mosquito net or cloth covering is essential to prevent escape while allowing ventilation. The height of the shed should be between 1.5 to 2 meters, and plastic sheets can be used for insulation or rain protection, especially during colder periods.
Egg hatching typically occurs at temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, usually around early May. Non-toxic soil mixed with sawdust (in a 2:1 ratio) and with a moisture content of 10–15% is ideal for egg incubation. Eggs are placed in containers, covered with a thin layer of soil, and then sealed with a film. Checking every half-day ensures timely transfer of newly hatched nymphs to the feeding area. Fresh wheat seedlings, corn seedlings, and weeds are preferred foods for young locusts.
Maintaining a temperature of 25–30°C, with more than 12 hours of light per day and humidity around 15%, helps promote growth. As they grow, nymphs become more social and tend to live in groups.
Once locusts reach adulthood, their feeding habits change. They consume more food, and it’s important to ensure constant availability. During molting, some may be weak or immobile, making them vulnerable to predation by stronger individuals. Adding wheat bran can help support their nutrition. Cleaning the shed every 1–2 days keeps the environment healthy.
After five molts, locusts reach maturity, typically around June 15th. About 10–15 days later, they become sexually mature and start mating. By early July, some will lay eggs, while others can be sold on the market.
After mating, females' abdomens swell, and their color darkens. The shed floor should be prepared with loose soil for egg-laying. Covering part of the ground with plastic tarps helps concentrate eggs for easier collection. Humidity should remain around 15%, and food must be abundant. Females begin laying eggs around July 10th, inserting them into the soil using their ovipositor and secreting a protective jelly-like substance.
The eggs are brown, slightly curved, and range from 40 to 70 mm in length. Each egg mass contains 35–90 eggs. These eggs are left in the shed to hatch naturally, usually between July 20–25. Unused eggs should be stored in sealed containers with moist soil in a refrigerator at 5°C for winter storage.
Overwintering is simple—just leave the eggs in the shed, where they can survive the cold. In spring, the area can be covered with weeds for insulation and warmth.