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The rapid and high-yielding cultivation techniques of nectarine
Nectarine cultivation offers four key advantages that make it a preferred choice for farmers. First, it delivers quick results—high yields can be achieved within 2 to 3 years, compared to the 5 to 6 years typically required for traditional tree varieties. Second, nectarine trees are highly productive due to their organized layout, which ensures even fruit distribution, good air circulation, and adequate sunlight exposure, all of which contribute to higher yields. Third, the fruit quality is excellent: the fruits are uniformly shaped, bright in color, sweet in taste, and highly marketable. Lastly, nectarine trees are easier to manage, especially when grown as dwarf varieties, making pruning, spraying, and overall field maintenance more efficient.
To start, selecting the right land is crucial. The soil should be deep and well-drained. For open-field planting, the density is about 333 plants per acre with a spacing of 2 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. In greenhouse settings, the density increases to 500 plants per acre, with 1.8 meters between rows and 0.75 meters between plants.
In the first year after planting, proper shaping of the tree is essential. After planting, cut the peach seedling 10 cm above the grafting point. Once new branches emerge, focus on developing the main branch by removing other shoots. When the main branch reaches 20 cm, gently tie it to a bamboo frame, leaving one lateral branch every 20 cm. When these lateral branches grow to 30 cm, pinch them back and spread them out horizontally, securing them to maintain a vertical arrangement. This creates a fishbone-like structure, improving light exposure and fruit quality.
During the early growth phase, proper fertilization and hormone application are critical. From germination until early July, apply top dressing when new shoots reach 5 cm. Use nitrogen-based fertilizers, organic matter, and phosphorus-potassium mixtures, watering immediately after. To boost growth, spray 1510-6 gibberellic acid every 10–15 days, 2–3 times. Adding foliar nutrients and microelements can enhance effectiveness. By mid-July, stop fertilizing and hormone treatments. Tilt the trunk at a 45-degree angle and lay the tree sideways, securing it to the bamboo frame without bending the main branch. At this stage, use 15% paclobutrazol or PBO (200–300 times dilution) to control growth and encourage early flowering. Pull lateral branches outward and prune any back branches to promote balanced development. A final fertilizer application in October using organic and phosphorus-rich materials will help prepare the tree for the next season.
During the fruiting period, soil fertility management is vital. Apply 0.25–0.5 kg of diammonium or compound fertilizer per plant during early flowering and fruit expansion. Combine this with foliar feeding. After flowering, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic micronutrients every 15 days to improve fruit color and yield. Artificial pollination should be done 1–2 days after blooming, preferably between 9:00 AM and 3:00–4:00 PM. Fruit thinning is also important—spray PBO at 200 times dilution and manually remove excess fruit during bud and young fruit stages. Two rounds of thinning are usually carried out two weeks after flowering.
After harvest, it's essential to replenish nutrients and perform rejuvenating pruning to stimulate new growth and form new fruit-bearing branches. In the later stages, continue using paclobutrazol to control excessive growth and promote flower bud formation, ensuring better yields in the following season.