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The rapid and high-yielding cultivation techniques of nectarine
Nectarine cultivation offers four major advantages that make it a preferred choice for farmers. First, it delivers quick results—high yields can be achieved within 2 to 3 years, while traditional tree forms typically take 5 to 6 years to reach full production. Second, nectarine trees are known for their high yield potential. With proper spacing and arrangement, the trees grow in an orderly fashion, ensuring good air circulation and sunlight exposure, which leads to more uniform fruit development and higher output. Third, the quality of the fruits is excellent—bright color, sweet taste, and a straight shape make them highly marketable. Lastly, the management of dwarf nectarine trees is much easier compared to traditional varieties. Pruning, spraying, and other field operations are simpler and more efficient due to the compact size.
When setting up a nectarine orchard, selecting the right land is crucial. The soil should be deep and well-drained. For open-field cultivation, plant 333 trees per acre with a spacing of 2 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. In greenhouse conditions, you can plant 500 trees per acre, with 1.8 meters between rows and 0.75 meters between plants.
In the first year after planting, shaping the tree is essential. After planting, cut the peach seedling 10 cm above the grafting point. Once new shoots emerge, select the main branch and remove the rest. When the main branch reaches 20 cm, gently tie it to a bamboo frame. Leave one lateral branch every 20 cm, and when these lateral branches reach 30 cm, pinch them back and spread them out on both sides of the main branch. This creates a fishbone-like structure, ensuring even distribution of branches.
During the early growth phase, proper fertilization is key. From germination until early July, apply top dressing when new shoots reach 5 cm. Fertilize every 10 days with a mix of nitrogen-based, organic, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, followed by immediate watering. To accelerate growth, spray gibberellic acid (1510-6) every 10–15 days, 2–3 times. You can also add foliar fertilizers and micronutrients for better results. By mid-July, when the tree reaches about 2 meters tall, stop fertilizing and hormone application. Tilt the trunk at a 45-degree angle and secure it to the bamboo frame without bending the main branch. At this stage, control flowering is critical. Apply 15% paclobutrazol or 200 times PBO spray 1–3 times to promote early flowering. Pull lateral branches to each side, keeping them spaced 20–25 cm apart, and prune back any back branches.
During the fruiting period, soil fertility management is vital. Apply 0.25–0.5 kg of diammonium or compound fertilizer per tree during early flowering and fruit expansion. Combine this with foliar feeding. After flowering, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and photosynthetic micro-fertilizer every 15 days to enhance fruit color and quality.
For pollination, perform artificial pollination 1–2 days after blooming, ideally between 9:00 am and 3:00–4:00 pm. Fruit thinning is also important. Spray 200 times PBO and thin fruits during the bud and young fruit stages, usually twice within two weeks after blooming. The first thinning occurs one week after the initial bloom, and the second takes place a week later.
After harvesting, it's essential to replenish nutrients and support new growth. Perform intensive fertilization to compensate for nutrient loss from heavy fruiting. Prune old fruit-bearing branches to encourage new shoot growth and the formation of new fruiting branches. In the later stages, continue using paclobutrazol to control vegetative growth and promote flower bud differentiation, ensuring a strong foundation for the next season’s yield.