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Rat and commodity rat market demand relationship:
The relationship between the rat market and the commodity rat market is complex and contradictory. On one hand, there is a significant demand for rats in the market, while on the other hand, the demand for commodity rats is even greater. If farmers all sell their rats, the supply of commodity rats would be limited. Similarly, if everyone raises rats as commodities, the breeding stock would decrease. We believe this contradiction will persist for at least five years, meaning that the demand for breeding rats will not be met during this period. The gap between the supply of commodity rats and the market demand over these five years will be substantial. However, after five years, as the demand for rat species eases slightly, the supply of commodity rats will gradually catch up. This will further stimulate the commodity rat market, making it extremely underserved in the next 10 to 20 years. Additionally, with future developments in deep processing, we conclude that developing the bamboo rat breeding industry is promising.
Bamboo Rat Breeding Cycle
Through practical experience, we have developed a "six-year cycle" for bamboo rat breeding.
Year One: Introduction - Growth - Maturity - Estrus Breeding - Litter Care
During this period, some rats may eat each other, and some females may be abandoned. Due to incompatible pairings, aggressive males may not change their behavior despite repeated training. Male rats with poor sexual performance are also candidates for elimination.
Year Two: Strong Production Period - Secondary Selection
Rats that eat less or have fewer offspring are eliminated. Those with poor health or reproductive abilities are also removed.
Years Three, Four, and Five: Economic Benefits from Adult Males
During this time, adult males begin to generate better economic returns. However, it's important to maintain a reserve of rats for future use, otherwise, the farm may face shortages in two or three years.
Year Six: Decline in Reproductive Ability
As the breeding rodents' sexual ability declines, they are gradually replaced by reserve rats to ensure a consistent number of high-producing individuals.
From the above six-year cycle analysis, we draw the following conclusions:
1. Bamboo rat farming is not an investment that yields immediate profits. It requires long-term vision and courage. Do you have such vision and courage? If so, act quickly. If not, it’s fine too!
2. Initial introduction should not be too small. We recommend starting with at least twenty pairs or more groups, as this provides a base for secondary selection. If only a few are introduced, they may not survive, and it could be difficult to sustain.
3. Once the operation is on track, annual reserves of seed rats should be set aside to fill any production gaps left when they are sold as commodities.
Economic Analysis of Bamboo Rat Breeding
Compared to other breeding projects, artificial breeding of bamboo rats has five advantages:
1. They don’t compete with livestock for food. Unlike Rattus norvegicus, bamboo rats feed on plant rhizomes and crop straws, consuming very little. Their feed requirements are significantly lower than those of broilers, ducks, meat dogs, and pigs.
2. Bamboo rats live in caves and do not require sunlight for growth and reproduction. They can be raised in rural areas or urban basements and buildings.
3. They are easy to raise. Feeding once or twice a day is sufficient, and a single worker can manage 100-150 pairs.
4. They are clean and hygienic, with minimal waste and no strong odors, making them suitable for urban environments.
5. They have strong disease resistance, rapid reproduction, and high efficiency. A pair of bamboo rats can generate an annual income of 500-600 yuan, which is higher than the net income from raising two pigs in rural areas.
The “1139†Farming Model
According to surveys, most rural professionals can raise 50-300 pairs of bamboo rats. Based on successful experiences, the “1139†model was designed. This model uses 100 square meters of space to raise 100 pairs of bamboo rats for 3 years, aiming for an annual net income of 90,000 yuan. Although idealized, it highlights the potential of this model.
Estimated Income and Expenditure for the First Year
Income: 100 pairs of breeders can produce 500 pups, with 400 surviving at 80% survival rate. 100 retained, worth 15,000 yuan, and 300 sold as commodities at 60 yuan per 1500 grams, totaling 18,000 yuan, giving a total output of 33,000 yuan.
Expenditure: 100 pairs of breeders cost 25,000 yuan, building a cement pond costs 20,000 yuan, labor costs 60,000 yuan, feed expenses 50,000 yuan, and other costs 12,000 yuan, totaling 50,000 yuan.
Second Year Reproduction Rate
After the first year, the 100 mothers enter a peak production phase, producing 1000 commercial rats annually, valued at 60,000 yuan. Reserved 100 mothers produce 500 commercial rats, valued at 30,000 yuan, totaling 90,000 yuan. After deducting 20,000 yuan in expenses, the profit is 70,000 yuan.
Third Year Maintenance
Maintaining 100 breeding pairs, with 200 mothers entering a prosperous growth phase, producing 2,000 commercial rats annually, valued at 120,000 yuan, with 30,000 yuan in expenses, resulting in 90,000 yuan in profit.
Additional Benefits
If local farmers develop a one-stop production, supply, and marketing model, the benefits could be even greater.
Five Advantages of Cultured Bamboo Rats
Bamboo rats, known as bamboo root rats, are large rodents found in southern China. They are nutritious and medicinal, with low fat and high protein content. Historically, they were considered a delicacy for emperors, and today, they are increasingly favored by consumers.
Compared to other aquaculture industries, bamboo rat breeding has five advantages:
1. No competition for food with humans or livestock.
2. Can be raised in indoor and basement environments.
3. Easy to raise, with one person managing 100-150 pairs.
4. Clean and hygienic, with no strong odors.
5. Strong disease resistance, rapid reproduction, and high efficiency.
With low investment and high returns, bamboo rat farming is an emerging, low-risk way to achieve quick wealth.
Bamboo Rat Breeding Technology – Cage Construction
Small-scale bamboo rat feeding can be done in large water tanks or with cushioned bottoms. Bamboo rats can be fed in batches in barns, cellars, shelters, or cottages. The house dimensions are 6m x 4m x 2.8m, with two rows and three layers of cages, capable of housing 50 pairs. Each cage is 90cm x 60cm x 30cm, divided into three compartments. Doors are placed on top or front, depending on the setup.
Bamboo Rat Artificial Culture Technique – Common Disease Prevention and Treatment
Bamboo rats have strong disease resistance but still require good epidemic prevention. Common diseases include trauma, gastroenteritis, colds, and heatstroke. Treatments include cleaning wounds, administering antibiotics, and providing appropriate care.
Bamboo Rat Artificial Culture Technology – Daily Feed Management
Bamboo rats are resistant to rough feeding and can digest plant materials. Cereal feed (corn, rice, sweet potatoes) makes up 50-60% of their diet, with grass roots and bamboo feed accounting for 10-20%. Fruit and vegetable diets include carrots, alfalfa, and sugarcane, making up 10-20% of their diet. Water is obtained through food intake, and feeding is done once daily.
Bamboo Rat Artificial Culture Technology – Selection and Breeding
Good breeders should have specific traits: females with exposed nipples, docile temperament, and strong feeding power; males with exposed testicles and no aggression. Pairing is typically 1:1, with estrus occurring in spring and autumn. Mating occurs mostly at night, and females give birth after 60 days. Post-birth care should be gentle to avoid disturbing the mother.
Bamboo Rat Artificial Breeding Technique – Site and Room
Small-scale breeding can be done in courtyards, open spaces, or unused buildings. The nesting area should be dark, cool, and clean. Different types of rearing ponds can be built, including large concrete pools for group rearing and smaller ones for breeding.
Summer Breeding Heatstroke Cooling Problem
In summer, temperatures rise, and cooling measures are essential. Maintaining a temperature range of 8-28°C is ideal. When temperatures exceed 35°C, cooling methods like fans, sprinklers, and ventilation are necessary.
Scientific Breeding
Building scientific breeding ponds involves creating separate nest and feeding areas. Proper selection, breeding, and management are crucial for success. Ensuring a quiet environment, adequate nutrition, and cleanliness are key factors in successful bamboo rat farming.
New Methods for Bamboo Rat Breeding
A new method involves allowing mothers to rest after weaning, which can improve litter size and the health of young rats. This approach is suitable for breeding ratios of 1:1.
In summary, bamboo rat farming offers significant economic potential, requires careful planning, and is a promising venture for those willing to invest time and effort. With proper management, it can provide sustainable income and contribute to rural development.