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High yield and efficient cultivation techniques for sweet waxy corn
With the continuous improvement in living standards, people's dietary needs have become more diverse and multi-level. As a result, high-nutrient, high-value sweet and waxy corn has gained popularity among consumers and producers alike. This type of corn not only offers great nutritional benefits but also has significant processing and economic potential. Cultivating high-quality sweet and waxy corn can help adjust crop structures, meet market demands, boost economic returns, and increase farmers' income. With proper techniques, yields can reach 800–1000 kg per 667 square meters, which is over 400 kg more than regular corn, leading to an additional income of 600–700 yuan per acre. Using advanced cultivation methods, such as early planting or off-season production, can further enhance profitability.
To grow high-yield sweet and waxy corn, several key technical practices must be followed:
1. **Site Selection and Isolation**: Sweet and waxy corn can be grown in fields, hills, or slopes where regular crops are cultivated, provided there is proper isolation from ordinary corn. It can also be intercropped with wheat or rapeseed. The soil should be fertile, well-drained, and have good irrigation facilities. Most importantly, no other corn varieties should be planted within a 500-meter radius to avoid cross-pollination, which could affect quality.
2. **Sowing Time and Planting Density**: For spring crops, sowing typically begins at the start of March, while autumn crops are sown between late July and early August. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer—such as 1500–2000 kg of farmyard manure (chicken or pig manure), 50 kg of superphosphate, and 20 kg of carbon ammonium or urea per 667 square meters. Use wide and narrow rows, with a width of 73 cm for wide rows and 37 cm for narrow ones, spacing plants 22–28 cm apart, resulting in 3200–3600 plants per acre.
3. **Fertilizer and Water Management**: Sweet corn requires a lot of nutrients. After applying the base fertilizer, additional fertilizers should be applied timely. During the tasseling stage, apply 14–18 kg of urea and 5–10 kg of potash per acre. At the early growth stage, spray a foliar solution containing 200 g of monobasic potassium phosphate and 250 g of urea in 50 kg of water to improve grain weight and quality.
4. **Pest Control**: To manage pests, apply 3 kg of furadan per acre to prevent underground pests. From late April to mid-May, use 0.2 kg of dimethoate in 60 kg of water to control locusts. Between late May and early June, apply 0.2 kg of trichlorfon in 60 kg of water to control corn borers, or use 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate at 20–28 ml per 60 kg of water during the tasseling stage. In early June, spray 0.2 kg of 5% Jinggangmycin in 60 kg of water to control corn sheath blight.
5. **Additional Management Practices**: To maximize yield, remove excess ears, leaving only 1–2 per plant. Perform artificial pollination during flowering to increase kernel count and reduce barren tips, especially during rainy weather. After pollination, remove all tassels to reduce nutrient competition and improve grain weight.
6. **Harvesting**: Harvest sweet and waxy corn about 20 days after pollination, when the kernels are filled and the silk is still tender. Pick by hand when the white pulp is visible, and ensure that at least four leaves remain to maintain tenderness. Harvested ears should be sold fresh or stored properly to preserve quality.