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Spring egg feed adjustment must be "four changes"
In the context of seasonal changes, managing the nutritional needs of laying hens is crucial for maintaining optimal egg production. One key factor is energy demand. During colder winter months, hens typically require around 2,800 kcal of metabolizable energy per kilogram of feed. However, as temperatures rise in spring, the energy content of the feed should be carefully adjusted. If the energy level is reduced to approximately 2,700 kcal, it can lead to a significant increase in egg production. This is often achieved by reducing the proportion of corn and other grains in the diet, which helps prevent excessive weight gain and supports more efficient egg-laying.
Another important consideration is protein intake. As egg production increases, so does the need for high-quality protein. When the hen's egg production rate reaches 50%, the feed should contain at least 15.5% protein. For every additional 10% in production, the digestible protein should be increased by 0.5%, but should not exceed 18.5%. To achieve this, feed formulations often include higher amounts of fishmeal, soybean meal, and other protein-rich ingredients.
Mineral requirements also change with egg production. Calcium is especially critical, as a deficiency can result in soft-shelled or shell-less eggs. Therefore, calcium levels in the feed should be increased from 2% to up to 4%, depending on the stage of production. Phosphorus levels should also be adjusted, rising from 0.5% in winter to 0.6% during peak egg-laying periods. If hens show signs of reduced appetite or other health issues, adding a small amount of salt (up to 0.1%) and mineral supplements can help improve their overall condition.
Lastly, vitamin needs increase as egg production rises. A well-balanced diet should include adequate levels of vitamins to support both the hen’s health and egg quality. One effective strategy is to increase the proportion of fresh vegetables in the feed, especially green leafy vegetables. In winter, this might be around 15%, but it can be raised to about 32% during peak seasons. Additionally, offering a small amount of pelleted feed at night—around 8 p.m.—when the egg production rate exceeds 75% can provide extra nutrition and support sustained productivity.
By carefully adjusting energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins according to the hen’s physiological needs, farmers can ensure better egg quality, higher production rates, and overall healthier flocks throughout the year.