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Cow reproductive disorders and treatment
The occurrence of reproductive disorders in dairy cows requires timely and scientific analysis. For instance, if a cow has an estrus interval shorter than 17 days or longer than 24 days, or if a cow over 14 months of age has not shown estrus, or if a cow has not shown estrus for more than 60 days, or if three artificial inseminations have failed to result in pregnancy, or if a cow is not pregnant after five months postpartum without showing estrus, it is essential to investigate the causes promptly and implement targeted solutions.
First, nutritional imbalances can significantly impact fertility. The nutritional status of dairy cows directly affects their reproductive performance. Most dairy farms follow feeding standards by providing different feed rations at various stages. However, in practice, dry cows are often overfed, while postpartum or high-producing cows may suffer from excessive moisture intake, leading to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, body condition scoring should be conducted regularly during each breeding phase. Using a five-point scale, dry cows should maintain a score of 3.5–3.75, while peak lactation cows should be kept between 3.0 and 3.5.
Second, heat stress can negatively affect both milk production and fertility. When temperatures rise above 26°C, cows struggle to dissipate heat, which can lead to reduced fertility. To mitigate this, proper ventilation, cooling systems, and water spraying should be implemented during hot periods to help cows stay comfortable and maintain reproductive health.
Third, perinatal infections play a critical role in reproductive failure. Proper care during the perinatal period is crucial in preventing issues such as early puberty, stillbirths, and infections that can lead to infertility. In practice, poor hygiene in housing areas, delayed recovery after calving, retained placenta, and secondary infections can cause conditions like endometritis, prolonged postpartum infertility, or even septicemia, which can be fatal.
It is important to emphasize that accurate diagnosis of reproductive problems is essential. If necessary, blood hormone testing should be used to guide treatment. Only with correct diagnosis can reproductive hormones or medications be used effectively; blind administration of hormones should be avoided. This approach ensures that interventions are both effective and safe, ultimately improving the overall reproductive efficiency of the herd.