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Summer vegetables prevent three major diseases
In summer, when temperatures are high and rainfall is frequent, vegetables are highly susceptible to various diseases that can negatively affect their appearance, taste, and overall yield. To ensure healthy growth and maximize production, it's essential to manage three major types of plant diseases.
First, damping-off disease affects seedlings, causing them to fall over easily, while mature plants may suffer from root and stem rot, especially near the soil surface. Symptoms include water-soaked spots that turn brown and eventually black, leading to wilting and fruit drop. This disease is commonly seen in peppers. Prevention starts with seed treatment: soak seeds in a 10% formaldehyde solution for 30–60 minutes, then rinse thoroughly before sowing. In July and August, apply 0.8–1.2 kg of 98% copper sulfate per mu (approximately 667 square meters) mixed with 100–150 liters of water. At the early stage of infection, spray 400–600 times dilution of 40% aluminum phosphite WP or 400–600 times dilution of 25% suspension. Also, apply 400 times dilution of borax to the roots and spray 600 times dilution of 22% zinc urea WP. Repeat this every seven days for two to three applications. Alternatively, use 500–800 times dilution of 50% carbendazim WP or 500 times dilution of 64% antivirus fungicide.
Second, gray mold is a fungal disease that affects tomatoes, eggplants, and squash. It thrives in humid conditions and can cause significant damage if left unchecked. The most effective control method is to spray 50% carbendazim at a dilution of 600–800 times, applying it every 7–10 days for 2–3 consecutive times. This treatment has proven to be highly effective in reducing the spread of the disease.
Third, downy mildew primarily affects tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and cucumbers. A recommended treatment is to spray 72% zinc-manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate wettable powder at a dilution of 600–700 times, repeating every seven days for three to four applications. Another option is to use 72.2% propamocarb hydrochloride at 600–800 times dilution, applied two to three times with a seven-day interval. Additionally, 70% biofer wettable powder diluted 500–600 times can also be used effectively.
By implementing these preventive and curative measures, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of these common summer plant diseases and maintain better crop quality and productivity.