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Summer vegetables prevent three major diseases
In the summer, when temperatures are high and rainfall is frequent, vegetables become highly susceptible to diseases that can damage their appearance, quality, and ultimately reduce yields. There are three main types of diseases that require careful management:
1. **Damping-off and Root Rot** – This disease commonly affects seedlings, causing them to collapse easily, while mature plants may suffer from root and stem rot, especially near the soil line. Symptoms include water-soaked lesions and brown spots that quickly turn black and cause the plant to wilt or fall. Commonly affected crops include peppers. To prevent and control this, first, seeds should be treated by soaking them in a 10% formaldehyde (formalin) solution for 30–60 minutes, then rinsed thoroughly before sowing. In July and August, apply 98% copper sulfate at a rate of 0.8–1.2 kg per mu (approximately 667 square meters) mixed with 100–150 kg of water. At the early stages of infection, spray the plants with 400–600 times dilution of 40% aluminum phosphite WP, or 400–600 times dilution of 25% mancozeb. Additionally, irrigate the roots with 400 times diluted borax and spray the foliage with 600 times diluted 22% zinc urea WP. Other options include 500–800 times dilution of 50% carbendazim WP or 500 times dilution of 64% oxadixyl. Repeat spraying every 7 days for 2–3 applications.
2. **Botrytis Blight (Gray Mold)** – This fungal disease affects tomatoes, eggplants, and squash. It thrives in humid conditions and causes gray, fuzzy mold on infected parts. The best preventive measure is to use 50% carbendazim or other fungicides like myclobutanil. Spray at a dilution of 600–800 times, applying every 7–10 days for 2–3 consecutive times. This method has shown excellent results in controlling the spread of the disease.
3. **Downy Mildew** – This disease mainly affects tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and cucumbers. Symptoms include yellowing leaves with a purple or grayish mold on the underside. A recommended treatment is to spray 72% zinc-manganese chloride wettable powder at a dilution of 600–700 times, repeating every 7 days for 3–4 applications. Another option is 72.2% propamocarb at 600–800 times, applied 2–3 times with a 7-day interval. Alternatively, 70% biofer wettable powder can be used at 500–600 times. Regular monitoring and timely application are essential to prevent severe losses.