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How Dahlia reproduces scientifically
Dahlia can be propagated through four main methods: ramification, seed propagation, cuttings, and tissue culture. However, the most commonly used techniques are vegetative propagation via cuttings and division, as well as seed sowing. These methods allow growers to maintain the desired traits of specific varieties while ensuring a high success rate.
1. **Division (Root Division):** After spring, the majority of wintered roots are removed, and the remaining roots are cultivated in sand at the end of March. During this process, the root neck is left exposed, and water is carefully applied. The ideal germination temperature is around 18°C. Once the buds grow to about 5 cm in length, the roots are divided into sections, each containing a healthy bud. The cuttings are then coated with ash before being planted in pots or seedbeds. This method is straightforward, has a high survival rate, but produces fewer plants compared to other techniques.
2. **Cutting Propagation:** Similar to root division, cuttings are taken from the base of the plant when the shoots reach about 10 cm in height. A small amount of rooting hormone is applied, and the cuttings are placed in a mixture of mud, plain sand, or a seedbed. They should be misted twice daily to maintain humidity. Once roots develop, the cuttings are transplanted into pots. The growth rate may vary depending on the quality of the original roots, but this method allows for large-scale propagation and helps preserve the characteristics of superior varieties.
3. **Seed Propagation:** Single-flowered dahlia varieties can self-pollinate, while double-flowered types usually require manual pollination to produce viable seeds. Seeds are collected in October after they have fully matured and are dried before storage. In the following spring, they are sown in furrows or seedbeds. The soil should be kept moist, and the ideal germination temperature is around 20°C. Germination typically occurs within a week. Once the seedlings have developed three true leaves, they can be transplanted into pots. With proper care, these plants can bloom by late September.
Each method has its own advantages, and the choice depends on the grower's goals, available resources, and the variety being cultivated.