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California salmon farming techniques
California squid, also known as the bigmouth black scorpion, is a highly favored species for aquaculture due to its fast growth rate, strong adaptability, low disease incidence, ease of capture, tender and flavorful meat, and absence of spines. Cultivating this fish can be both profitable and sustainable when done properly. Here's a detailed guide on how to raise California squid effectively.
First, pond conditions are crucial. These fish thrive in fresh, clear, and still water environments. They tend to inhabit the middle and lower layers of the pond. The ideal water temperature for their growth ranges from 12°C to 30°C. A typical polyculture pond should be between 3 to 5 acres in size, with a depth of at least 1.5 meters. The location should have easy access to a water source and a well-established drainage and irrigation system to maintain optimal water quality.
Second, the polyculture approach plays a key role in managing the ecosystem within the pond. By introducing California squid alongside other fish species, you can control the population of wild fish and prevent overpopulation of tilapia. This helps reduce competition for food, oxygen, and space, allowing the main species to grow faster and utilize feed more efficiently. To protect other fish from predation by California squid, ensure that existing species like grass carp, mud minnows, and snails are larger than 200 grams, while salmon and tilapia should be over 10 cm in length. It's best to stock them during May or June, with fingerlings measuring 3-4 cm and about 20-30 per acre, depending on the availability of natural feed and pond conditions.
Third, feeding is relatively simple. California squid naturally feed on small wild fish and aquatic insects found in the pond. With an average of 20 fish per acre, additional feeding may not be necessary. However, if the natural fish population is insufficient or if the stocking density is too high, it’s advisable to introduce a batch of small wild fish to supplement their diet. Alternatively, you can mix in some tilapia to allow them to reproduce, providing a natural food source for the California squid.
Fourth, regular pond management is essential. Inspect the pond twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, to monitor water clarity and avoid excessive turbidity or over-fertility. The ideal water transparency should be around 30-40 cm. Fresh water should be added regularly, with a full water change every two weeks. During hot summer months, special attention must be given to disease prevention. From June to September, apply 25 kg of lime per acre to improve water quality, kill pathogens, parasites, and harmful bacteria, ensuring a healthy environment for your fish.