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Prevention of soybean seed cyst nematode disease
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a parasitic organism that infests the root cortex of soybean plants. It feeds on the organic nutrients transported from the above-ground parts of the plant to the roots, thereby impairing the root's ability to absorb water and essential minerals. This disruption leads to reduced nutrient uptake and weakens the overall health of the plant, affecting both the root system and the aerial parts. As a result, photosynthesis is hindered, and the plant struggles to produce enough organic compounds for growth, ultimately stunting the development of the entire soybean plant.
To effectively manage SCN, several long-term and short-term strategies can be employed:
1. Crop rotation is one of the most effective long-term solutions. In areas with severe infestations, it is recommended to rotate soybeans with non-host crops such as corn or wheat for at least three years. This helps break the nematode life cycle and reduces its population in the soil.
2. Improving soil health through organic manure application and proper field management can also help. Practices such as deep plowing, using a front rake, and incorporating compost or fertilizer into the soil enhance soil structure, increase permeability, and improve nutrient availability. These measures promote stronger root development, which in turn makes the plant more resistant to nematode damage.
3. For heavily infested fields, applying 5% carbofuran granules as a seed fertilizer can be effective. The recommended rate is about 1 kg per 667 square meters. Alternatively, using a 1% seed coating agent during sowing can also provide protection against nematode infestation.
4. In fields where no preventive treatments have been applied, early detection is key. If yellowing of the leaves appears in mid to late June, systemic insecticides such as omethoate can be used. Mix 100–150 ml of 40% omethoate or 80–100 ml of a soybean seed coating agent with 16 liters of water and spray directly onto the affected plants. This treatment helps control the nematode population and minimizes further damage.
By combining these methods, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of the soybean cyst nematode and ensure healthier, more productive soybean crops.