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Prevention of soybean seed cyst nematode disease
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a parasitic organism that resides in the root cortex of soybean plants. It feeds on the organic nutrients transported from the above-ground parts of the plant to the roots, thereby impairing the root's ability to absorb water and essential minerals. This disruption leads to poor nutrient uptake by the roots and insufficient supply of water and inorganic salts to the aerial parts of the plant. As a result, photosynthesis is hindered, and the plant cannot produce enough organic compounds needed for the growth of roots, stems, and leaves. Consequently, the overall development and yield of soybeans are significantly affected.
To manage this pest effectively, several strategies can be employed:
1. Crop rotation is one of the most effective long-term solutions. In areas heavily infested with SCN, it is recommended to rotate soybeans with non-host crops such as cereals for at least three years. This helps reduce nematode population in the soil over time.
2. Improving soil health through proper fertilization and field management can also help. Practices like deep plowing, using a front rake for tilling, and applying organic manure can enhance soil aeration, temperature, and nutrient levels. These measures promote stronger root development, making the plant more resilient to nematode damage.
3. For fields with severe infestations, applying 5% carbofuran granules as a seed fertilizer at a rate of 1 kg per 667 square meters can provide good control. Alternatively, using a seed coating agent with 1% of the seed weight can also be effective in reducing nematode impact.
4. If no prior treatment has been applied, farmers should monitor their fields closely. During mid to late June, when yellowing of soybean leaves becomes noticeable, applying systemic insecticides such as omethoate or specialized seed coating agents can help. The recommended application is 100–150 ml of 40% omethoate or 80–100 ml of seed coating agent mixed with 16 liters of water, and sprayed directly onto the affected plants.
By implementing these integrated management practices, farmers can effectively reduce the damage caused by the soybean cyst nematode and maintain healthy soybean production.