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Spring wheat field management skills
Spring wheat field management is critical during the early growth stage, as it's the key period for increasing the number of ears and grains per ear. The primary goal of early spring wheat management is to promote tillering, maintain strong seedlings, and encourage a dense plant population. At the same time, this season is also prone to diseases and pests, making disease and pest control a top priority.
The main pests and diseases to watch for in early spring include sheath blight, aphids, spider mites, wheat midges, rust, and powdery mildew. Effective management involves a combination of agricultural practices and targeted chemical treatments, with an emphasis on protecting and utilizing beneficial organisms in the field.
Here are some recommended control measures:
1. **Sheath Blight**: When more than 15% of plants show symptoms, apply 1 capsule of Spring Rain plus 100–150 ml of 5% Jinggangmycin or 50 ml of 20% Yufengxin per mu, mixed with 30 kg of water. Spray once every 10–15 days.
2. **Aphids**: Control should be implemented when there are over 500 nymphs per 100 stems, or when the ratio of beneficial insects to larvae exceeds 1:100. Use a 1000-fold solution of quick-acting insecticide.
3. **Wheat Spider Mites**: These pests hide near the roots during the day. Watering after 9:00 PM can help drown them. If more than 200 mites are found per 33 cm of double line, spray with 1000–1500 times diluted quick-acting pesticide, repeating every 7 days.
4. **Wheat Midges**: These pests live in the soil and damage the wheat head. Apply 250 grams of 50% phoxim or 40% methyl isothiocyanate per mu in late April. This method achieves up to 90% control effectiveness.
5. **Rust and Powdery Mildew**: In areas with severe outbreaks, treat promptly. Use 50–75 g of 15% triadimefon per acre, mixed with 10–12 kg of water. The dose can be increased to 70–100 g for better results.
6. **Frost Damage Prevention**: With frequent late frosts this spring, applying Spring Rain No. 1 plant cell activator can enhance protoplasm flow and cell membrane permeability, improving cold resistance and reducing frost damage. It also helps speed up the recovery of yellow leaves to green, promoting vigorous growth and higher yields.
Additionally, attention should be given to managing yellow dwarf virus, bushy dwarf virus, leaf beetles, and underground pests to ensure a healthy and productive wheat crop.