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California salmon farming techniques
The California squid, also known as the bigmouth black scorpion, is a highly desirable aquatic species due to its fast growth rate, strong adaptability, resistance to disease, ease of capture, tender and flavorful meat, and absence of spines. Cultivating this fish can be both profitable and efficient when following proper techniques.
First, pond conditions are crucial for successful rearing. California squid thrive in clean, fresh, and still water environments. They tend to inhabit the middle and lower layers of the pond and require a stable habitat. The ideal water temperature for their growth ranges between 12°C and 30°C. A typical mixed pond should cover an area of 3 to 5 acres, with a water depth of at least 1.5 meters. It's important to have a reliable water source, along with effective drainage and irrigation systems to maintain optimal water quality.
Second, the polyculture system plays a key role in managing pond ecology. By introducing California squid into a mixed pond, it helps control the population of wild fish and prevent overpopulation of tilapia. This approach reduces competition for food, oxygen, and space between different fish species, ultimately promoting faster growth of the main fish and improving feed efficiency. To prevent predation, other farmed species such as grass carp, silver carp, and oysters should be at least 200 grams in size, while salmon and tilapia should measure over 10 cm before stocking. The best time to introduce California squid is between May and June, and fingerlings of about 3–4 cm with 20–30 individuals per acre can be stocked depending on available resources and pond conditions.
Third, feeding practices are relatively simple. California squid naturally feed on small wild fish and aquatic insects found in the pond. With a stocking density of around 20 fish per acre, additional feeding may not be necessary. However, if the natural prey is insufficient or the stock is too dense, supplementary small wild fish can be introduced to ensure adequate nutrition. Alternatively, a small number of tilapia can be added to breed naturally, providing a sustainable food source for the California squid.
Fourth, regular pond management is essential. Daily inspections in the morning and evening help monitor water clarity and prevent excessive turbidity or nutrient buildup. The ideal water transparency should be between 30 and 40 cm. Freshwater should be added regularly, with a full water change every two weeks. During hot summer months, disease prevention becomes critical. From June to September, applying 25 kg of lime per acre helps regulate water quality, eliminate pathogens, parasites, and harmful bacteria, ensuring a healthy environment for all fish species.