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Spring wheat field management skills
Spring wheat field management is crucial during the early growth stage, as this is when the plant focuses on ear formation and grain development. The primary goal of early spring wheat management is to promote tillering, maintain strong seedlings, and ensure a dense stand. At the same time, this period also brings an increased risk of pests and diseases, making disease and pest control a top priority.
The main pests and diseases to watch for in early spring include sheath blight, aphids, spider mites, wheat midges, rust, and powdery mildew. Integrated pest management strategies should be used, combining agricultural practices with chemical control where necessary, while also protecting beneficial organisms in the field.
Here are some key control measures:
1. **Wheat Sheath Blight**: When more than 15% of plants show symptoms, apply 1 capsule of Spring Rain per mu, combined with 100–150 ml of 5% Jinggangmycin or 50 ml of 20% Yufeng powder diluted in 30 kg of water. Spray once every 10–15 days for effective control.
2. **Aphids**: If there are more than 500 nymphs per 100 stems, and the ratio of beneficial insects to larvae is less than 1:100, use 1000-fold dilution of insecticides like quick or other suitable agents.
3. **Wheat Spider Mites**: These pests are active near the roots during the day. Watering after 9 PM can help drown them. If more than 200 mites are found per 33 cm of row, spray 1000–1500 times diluted quick or similar products, repeating every 7 days for thorough eradication.
4. **Wheat Midge**: Apply 250 grams of 50% phoxim or 40% methyl isothioate per mu in late April. This treatment effectively controls midge infestations with over 90% success rate.
5. **Rust and Powdery Mildew**: In areas with severe outbreaks, apply 15% triadimefon at 50–75 g per acre mixed with 10–12 kg of water. Increase the dose to 70–100 g if needed to prevent spread.
6. **Cold Damage Prevention**: With unpredictable late spring frosts, using Spring Rain No. 1 plant cell activator can enhance cold resistance by improving protoplasm flow and cell membrane permeability. It helps reduce frost damage, speed up recovery from yellow leaves, and promote healthy growth.
In addition to these, it's important to monitor and manage wheat yellow dwarf virus, bushy dwarf virus, leaf beetles, and underground pests. Regular field inspections and timely interventions are essential for a successful harvest.