In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for Huangqi has continuously increased. The farmers' artificial breeding technology of Huangqi has also been continuously improved, and the considerable economic benefits have been obtained. First, the construction of Huang Xiaochi In order to better maintain and protect Astragalus, first of all, we must build an environment suitable for its growth. Because the astragalus like to grow in the organic acid more than the slightly acidic mud, the general pool area of ​​40-50 square meters, the pool depth of about 1 meter, there are inlet and outlet, the shape of the local conditions, mostly rectangular, square. The bottom of the pool and the walls should be sturdy with bricks and cement to prevent the jaundice from escaping through the hole. The bottom of the pond should be set about 30 centimeters deep. The pool simulates the natural environment as much as possible. For example, if the pool is covered with rocks as much as possible, the root of the tree will make the astragalus to live in the crevices or gaps in the roots. The water should not be too deep, about 20 centimeters, which will help the yellow pelican breathe. The pH should be adjusted between 6.5-6.8, and some aquatic plants can be placed in the pool. Second, the choice and delivery of Huang Hao III. Feeding and management of Astragalus 1. Astragalus's dietary jaundice is an animal-based omnivorous fish that can be fed with quail, quail, fly maggots, small fish, shrimp, and snails, or other animal waste. It can also be fed with a small amount of wheat gluten, leaves, and vegetables. Melon peel and so on. However, it is important to note that the yellow eel eats fresh bait, and rotten spoils do not feed it. 2. Do not feed bait after the feed has been put into the pond for 3 days. After 3 days, it is OK to invest in baicalin. Astragalus has the habit of feeding at night, and the feeding time may begin in the evening, after which the feeding time is gradually advanced. After a period of domestication, the feeding may be fixed at 10:00 or 3:00 pm. 3, the daily management of Astragalus breeding should be scientific feeding, to prevent deterioration of water quality, often keep the water fresh, change the water every 2 days 1, the deep season can deepen the water. When the weather is hot, prevent oxygen deficiency in the water, take water injection and increase oxygen or other oxygenation measures to ensure the dissolved oxygen in the water. When it rains, check whether the overflow is unblocked, whether the fences are firm, and drain in time to avoid running away with the rising water. At the same time should also pay attention to heatstroke, antifreeze, anti-temperature difference is too large, often adhere to the tour pool. Once problems are found, they must be dealt with promptly. Fourth, the disease prevention and treatment of jaundice Astragalus has strong disease resistance and few diseases, but it is easy to be traumatized and susceptible to hydromycosis in early feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to apply 5% iodine to the affected area or immerse jaundice with 4% saline for 3-4 minutes before delivery. The principle of prevention is mainly adopted, and emphasis is placed on prevention and treatment. Once a week, the water body is disinfected. The medicine used is compounded with sodium chlorite at a dose of 0.3 grams per cubic meter or with quicklime of 5-lO grams per square meter. Pulp Quanchiposa.
Ventilator block diagram Medical Positive Pressure Breathing Machine Positive Pressure Breathing Machine,Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Machine Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gzzhongzhinan.com
It is best to buy seedlings of yellow rice seedlings by purchasing artificially propagated seedlings or by purchasing natural seedlings. Jasmine has a strong body, smooth body surface, no mucus, active and lively movement, deep yellow body color, bright and no scars, uniform specifications, stocking density and specifications, large specifications, small stocking density, such as 25 grams per square meter For young cubs, 100-120 tails can be placed. Before entering the pool, use 2%-3% of the concentration of salt water or 100 mg, kilograms of potassium permanganate to wash for more than 10 minutes to disinfect the carcass. The temperature of the disinfectant should be the same as the temperature of the pool water, and there should be no temperature difference. Huang Yu Chi has to be disinfected, generally with 50-100 grams per square meter of calcined water Quanchiposa, 1 week after the delivery of yellow peony seed.
The amount of feed should be changed according to the change of water temperature. The optimum temperature for the growth of Astragalus is 15-30°C. In this temperature range, more feed should be added. The amount of general dry feed can be 3%-5% of the total weight of Astragalus in the tank. , Fresh bait feeding can be 5% -10% of the total weight of Astragalus in the pool. When the temperature is reduced by 15°C or lower, or when the temperature is increased by more than 30°C, less feed is to be put in, and feeding is to be carried out at the same time according to "four settings" (timing, positioning, The principle of qualitative, quantitative) feeding.
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.