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Four Problems Should Be Paid Attention to in Peanut Vegetable Intercropping
First, crop arrangement and planting specifications. Crop arrangement includes peanuts, which are sown in spring, tomatoes interplanted among the peanuts along with cabbage, and Chinese cabbage planted after the peanut harvest. Planting specifications for peanuts involve ridge formation with a ridge spacing of 85 cm, two rows per ridge. The small row spacing is 30 cm, the large row spacing is 55 cm, and the plant spacing is 16 cm. Tomatoes are transplanted between the peanut rows with a plant spacing of 30 cm, while cabbage is sown at a density of 2,083 plants per 667 square meters.
Second, selecting the right varieties is essential. For peanuts, choose the high-yielding, pre-cooked large variety called "Pingtai 204." For tomatoes, use an early-maturing and high-yield variety known as "72-69," and for Chinese cabbage, select a late-maturing, high-yield type called "83-24."
Third, preparing the soil thoroughly with adequate fertilizer is crucial. This method requires fertile land with good irrigation facilities. It's best to perform deep plowing in winter or before planting, breaking up the "plow pan" layer. During winter tillage, apply some composted manure. In early spring, as soon as the soil thaws, prepare the ridges quickly. After forming the ridges, mix 4,000–5,000 kg of compost, 20–30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30–40 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 10–15 kg of potash into the soil per 667 square meters.
Fourth, sowing and careful management are key. Peanuts are typically sown in early April. Dig furrows about 30 cm deep and place seeds 16 cm apart. After sowing, apply 0.5 kg of "812" medicinal fertilizer per 667 square meters, then cover the seeds and press the soil firmly. Spray acetochlor on the surface and cover with mulch. About 8 days later, add a 3 cm layer of soil over the plastic film to help the peanuts emerge. Once the seedlings are established, clear the ridges to expose the peanut cotyledons to the film. During the flowering stage, apply two sprays of titanium fertilizer, spaced 10–12 days apart. Around 35 days after flowering, spray a 1500 ppm paclobutrazol solution on the leaves. After mid-July, if there is rain, spray a 400–600 times diluted mancozeb solution after each rainfall.
Tomatoes are usually planted in Yangshuo in late February, with transplanting done in late March. Transplant them into the peanut rows in mid-April. Water immediately after planting and manage accordingly. When the tomato plant has two true leaves above the second inflorescence, pinch out the top, leaving only two inflorescences per plant, with two to three fruits per cluster. After pinching, remove side shoots promptly. When the fruit starts to swell, apply 10 kg of urea per 667 square meters and water sufficiently. Tomatoes can be harvested by late June. If peanuts are harvested at the end of July or early August and sold fresh, Chinese cabbage can be directly broadcast after the peanut harvest (spinach can also be grown). If peanuts are harvested at normal maturity, plant cabbage seedlings in early August. Transplant cabbage seedlings around August 25th. Manage Chinese cabbage in the same way as pure Chinese cabbage crops.