Organic mushroom cultivation techniques

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1. Site Selection and Control. Choosing the right location is crucial for organic mushroom cultivation. The site should be located away from common crop fields, chemical plants, hospitals, landfills, and farms. It should also avoid dusty areas such as mines, coal yards, and ceramic factories. Additionally, no pesticides should have been used on the site for at least two years prior to cultivation. Once the site, cultivar, and expected yield are determined, strict controls must be in place. Organic certification labels should be applied based on actual production during sale.

2. Raw Material Procurement. First, only non-genetically modified strains should be used for mushroom cultivation. Second, all raw materials must meet organic standards. For example, certified organic wheat or straw can be used, and their certification numbers must be clearly indicated. Ecological materials like wood chips from old-growth forests are also acceptable. Lastly, any accessories such as plastic bags must comply with organic food safety requirements.

3. Substrate Formulation and Processing. Tap water that meets municipal drinking standards is generally acceptable. If a well is used, it must be inspected by relevant authorities to ensure the water source is safe and free from contamination. The substrate formulation should be scientifically designed according to the specific mushroom species, and no chemical fertilizers or drugs should be added arbitrarily.

4. Inoculation and Cultivation Management. The area where mushrooms are cultivated should be disinfected using bleach or similar solutions. Mushroom bags should be placed on shelves rather than directly on the ground. Pest control measures, such as insect nets and black light traps, should be implemented in training rooms. Other operations can proceed normally, provided hygiene standards are maintained.

5. Fruiting Management and Harvesting. The mushroom house should be disinfected similarly to the inoculation room, with lime powder applied to the floor. Cleaning should be done according to the type of mushroom and growing method, ensuring thorough cleaning and proper ventilation. A 5–15% lime solution can be used for spraying walls and floors. Water used for misting must meet drinking water standards. No illegal substances or hormones should be used. When harvesting, workers should wear latex gloves, and tools and containers must be disinfected with alcohol or lime solution beforehand. Before each batch, hands should be washed with soap. After harvesting, mushrooms should be moved to a processing area for sorting, removing base material residue, and packaging. After ventilation, the walls and floor can be sprayed with a 10% lime solution and then dried before temporary storage.

6. Transportation Requirements. Fresh mushrooms should be transported in insulated vehicles and reusable containers. The transport compartments must be free from oil, pesticides, or other chemicals. These vehicles should not be shared with non-organic products to maintain the integrity of the organic certification throughout the supply chain.

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