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Cotton pest control begins before planting
In recent years, the comparative advantages of cotton production have gradually improved, but so have the costs of agricultural inputs. Among these, expenses for pest control and chemical weeding have also risen significantly. Based on long-term field investigations, the input-output ratio for cotton cultivation is relatively reasonable at 1:3—meaning that for every 1 yuan invested, farmers can earn 3 yuan. If this ratio is higher, it indicates better profitability; if lower, it suggests inefficiency. Currently, pesticide costs per mu in cotton farming are around 80 yuan, with many farmers spending over 100 yuan per mu. Therefore, in the upcoming cotton production season, efforts must be made to increase yields while reducing costs, especially in the prevention and control of pests and diseases. It's essential to focus on foundational work to boost income and cut expenses.
The basic work of cotton pest control essentially refers to agricultural measures taken before sowing. Good agricultural practices lay a solid foundation for high yields. Key aspects of agricultural pest control include crop rotation, deep plowing, improving water systems, enriching soil fertility, and cleaning the environment. These five elements are closely related to preventing cotton diseases and pests, and will be discussed in more detail later.
Many cotton-growing areas face challenges due to continuous planting, leading to soil nutrient depletion and residual yellow wilt disease. Crop rotation can help alleviate these issues. Rotating cotton with legumes or rice, with an interval of more than three years, is effective. In areas where conditions allow, promoting such rotations would be beneficial.
With the expansion of early-maturing cotton fields, many regions now grow two generations of cotton. Most of these areas use previous crops to leave space for cotton. During winter and spring, when temperatures drop, deep plowing and cultivating the soil improves permeability, freezes overwintering pests, and helps eliminate weeds.
Recently, many young and middle-aged workers in cotton areas have left for urban jobs, leading to neglected irrigation systems and frequent droughts and floods. Especially between June and July, poorly drained fields often suffer from blight, which causes significant damage. Improving irrigation infrastructure and managing the three ditches (ditches, channels, and drains) can lower groundwater levels, prevent blight, and enhance the disease resistance of cotton plants.
Soil fertility has become a major concern in recent years, with declining resilience to diseases. Applying organic fertilizers—such as bio-organic compounds, high-energy organic fertilizers, and farmyard manure—can improve soil quality, increase nutrient retention, and reduce the risk of wilt disease through organic acids. Potash fertilizer also plays a key role in preventing and reducing blight damage.
Cotton pests and diseases can persist in the soil and spread from external sources. Therefore, in addition to the four preventive measures mentioned above, it is important to keep the cotton fields and surrounding areas clean. This includes regularly removing weeds, clearing plastic residue from the soil, and eliminating weeds and infected plant parts that carry pests and diseases.