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Pay attention to "four guarantees" in the middle and late period of rape
In the mid to late stages of rapeseed growth, it is a critical period for yield formation. Effective field management is essential, focusing on "protecting foliage, preserving roots, maintaining stems, and ensuring production." This phase requires careful attention to both environmental conditions and crop health.
Before spring, it's important to prepare for frost protection. According to meteorological data, severe freezing events occur roughly every four years, with temperatures dropping as low as -39°C to -5°C. When freezing occurs, the leaves are usually the first to be affected. Under such conditions, ice forms in the cell gaps and within the cells, causing cellular damage. As temperatures rise, the leaves become waterlogged, turn yellow, and eventually appear scorched. To prevent this, watering the fields before a freeze can help maintain soil moisture, reducing the risk of physiological drought. Applying 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before the freeze can also improve cell fluid concentration and enhance frost resistance. After the weather clears, removing snow from the field helps increase soil temperature, preventing excessive transpiration and water loss once temperatures rise. At the same time, the root system may have limited water absorption due to cold soil, leading to further stress. Removing damaged leaves after a freeze can prevent the spread of frost injury to the entire plant. In winter, controlling pests like aphids and cabbage caterpillars using 25% imidacloprid at 2500–3000 times dilution is crucial. Additionally, leaf miners, which bore into the leaves, create tunnels that cause wilting or yellowing. Early infestations can be managed with 2.5% emamectin benzoate at 2500–3000 times, while later stages may require 10% abamectin at similar concentrations. For downy mildew, fungicides like metalaxyl or chlorothalonil should be used.
During the mid to late growth stage, protecting the roots from premature aging is vital, as root decline can hinder shoot development. After spring, increased rainfall can lead to waterlogging and anoxia, damaging the roots. Therefore, it's important to clear the "three ditches" (drainage channels) promptly after the season starts. Any blocked ditches should be deepened to ensure proper drainage. Maintaining dry soil during rain helps prevent waterlogging. For long seedlings, applying 100 ppm paclobutrazol (e.g., 33 grams of 15% paclobutrazol in 50 kg of water) or 40% CCC can control above-ground growth while promoting root activity. Spraying 0.2% boron fertilizer during the bolting stage helps transfer photosynthetic products to the roots, supporting root health.
After the stems are established, managing Sclerotinia disease becomes critical. This fungal disease affects flowers, leaves, and especially the stems, causing brown lesions that develop into gray rot. The disease typically begins in late February and peaks between late March and early April. Controlling it involves applying potash fertilizer, cultivating larvae at the early bolting stage, and destroying sub-capsule plates to reduce initial infection sources. Removing yellow and diseased leaves at the start of flowering, and old, yellow, or diseased leaves from the lower parts during the flowering stage, helps limit spread. During full flowering and podding, spraying 70% thifluzamide at 500–800 times dilution is effective.
Rapeseed often experiences significant flower drop, sometimes over 30%, even up to 60%. This is often due to poor nutrition, particularly a lack of boron. Ensuring adequate boron application—0.3–0.5 kg per mu before spring—can help reduce shedding. Proper fertilization, drainage, and bee-assisted pollination also play key roles. Finally, during pod ripening, it’s important to monitor bird activity and harvest promptly, followed by proper drying and threshing to ensure quality yield.