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Pay attention to "four guarantees" in the middle and late period of rape
In the middle and late stages of rapeseed growth, it is a critical period for yield formation. Effective field management is essential, focusing on protecting the foliage, preserving the roots, maintaining the stems, and ensuring overall productivity. This phase requires careful attention to both environmental conditions and crop health.
Before spring, it's important to prepare for potential frost. According to meteorological data, severe frosts occur roughly every four years, with temperatures dropping as low as -39°C to -5°C. When such conditions occur, the leaves are the first to be affected. Low temperatures cause ice formation in cell gaps and inside cells, leading to tissue damage. As temperatures rise, the leaves become waterlogged, then turn yellow and eventually burn. To mitigate this, watering the fields before freezing can help prevent dehydration and physiological drought. Additionally, applying a solution of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before the frost can increase cell fluid concentration and improve antifreeze resistance. After the frost, removing snow from the field helps raise soil temperature and reduces water loss once temperatures rise. At the same time, damaged leaves should be removed to prevent further damage to the plant.
During winter, controlling pests like aphids and cabbage caterpillars is crucial. A 25% insecticide solution at 2500–3000 times dilution can be used effectively. For leaf miner flies, spraying 2.5% insecticide at the same rate during early development is recommended. In later stages, 10% aldicarb at 2500–3000 times dilution can be applied. Also, fungicides like metalaxyl and chlorothalonil are effective against downy mildew in rapeseed.
During the mid to late growing season, preventing root aging is key. As spring rains increase, waterlogging can occur, leading to root failure. Ensuring proper drainage by dredging the "three ditches" after winter is essential. Shallow ditches should be deepened, and any blocked ones filled. Spraying 100 ppm paclobutrazol (33 grams of 15% paclobutrazol in 50 kg of water) or 40% CCC can help control above-ground growth while promoting root activity. Applying 0.2% boron fertilizer during the bolting stage supports the transfer of photosynthetic products to the roots, aiding in root preservation.
After the stems have developed, managing Sclerotinia disease becomes important. This fungal disease affects flowers, leaves, and especially the stems. Early symptoms include brown water-soaked lesions that expand into gray rot. The disease peaks between late February and early April. To reduce initial infection, applying potash fertilizer and cultivating larvae at the beginning of bolting can help. Removing yellow and diseased leaves during flowering is also effective. During full flowering, spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl at 500–800 times dilution can control the spread of the disease.
Flowering is another critical phase, but many plants suffer from flower drop, sometimes exceeding 60%. This is often due to nutrient deficiencies, particularly boron. Applying boron fertilizer before spring—0.3–0.5 kg per mu—can help. Ensuring proper drainage and using bee-assisted pollination also improves yields. Finally, during pod ripening, birds should be controlled, and harvesting should be timely, with proper drying and threshing to ensure quality.