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Soybean Variety Liao Shou No. 2 Cultivation Technique
Soybean cultivation requires careful attention to various factors to ensure high yield and quality. First, soil conditions are not overly restrictive, as both flat and sloped lands can be suitable for planting. Even in less fertile areas, soybeans can produce a strong yield, but the best results are achieved in well-fertilized and well-watered soils. The more favorable the growing conditions, the higher the yield will be.
For plot selection, it is important to avoid continuous cropping and instead implement crop rotation. Reclaimed land is not ideal for soybean cultivation, as proper crop rotation is essential for maintaining soil health and maximizing yield.
When it comes to seed selection, only high-yielding varieties should be used. Inter-species soybeans tend to have lower yields, so it's crucial to eliminate these and focus on pure, high-quality seeds. Before planting, selected seeds should be inspected and any damaged or diseased ones removed, ensuring that the germination rate is above 98%.
The timing of sowing is critical. In regions where conditions allow, early preparation in autumn can help improve spring planting success. Autumn planting ensures better soil moisture for spring sowing, leading to improved germination and faster emergence. This method can result in a 4-6 day advantage over spring planting, helping to establish a uniform stand and increasing yield by 4.5% to 7.1%.
Sowing should take place between early April and mid-May, depending on local climate conditions. Each region has its own optimal sowing window based on temperature and soil conditions. For example, in central and southern Liaoning, the ideal period is from April 25 to May 5, while in Hebei’s Chengde and Zhangjiakou areas, it ranges from April 27 to May 10. In Ningxia’s Yongning and Zhongning, the best time is April 20 to 25, and in Fuyang, Shaanxi, it’s April 15 to 20. In Lanzhou, Gansu, the ideal window is April 5 to 10. Sowing should occur when the soil temperature at 5 cm depth reaches a stable 8°C. Planting density should be around 1.0 to 1.1 million plants per mu, with spacing adjusted according to soil fertility—thinner soils should be more densely planted, and richer soils can be spaced out.
Fertilization is also key. A recommended fertilizer mix includes 12 kg of diammonium phosphate, 9 kg of potassium sulfate, 30 kg of multi-element silicon fertilizer, and 2000 kg of organic manure applied before planting. After flowering, an additional 8 kg of urea per mu is advised to support pod development.
Proper seedling management is essential. When the first compound leaf appears, seedlings should be transplanted at the right time to ensure healthy growth.
Field management involves regular weeding, either manually or with herbicides, along with soil cultivation to enhance root development and reduce lodging risk. Pest control is also vital—aphids and soybean borers must be monitored and treated promptly.
Harvesting should occur after the leaves have fully matured and begun to fall. It is recommended to wait 5–7 days after leaf senescence before harvesting. After drying for 4–6 days, the soybeans can be threshed and stored in a cool, well-ventilated area to maintain quality and prevent spoilage.