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Reservoir cage culture barbed technology
Barbs (Spinibarbus hollandi), commonly known as "military fish," belong to the genus Spinibarbus, family Cyprinidae, and are often classified under the subfamily Leuciscinae. These fish have a streamlined body with a flat tail, broad head, rounded snout, and white belly. They are mid-to-lower water-dwelling fish that thrive in flowing environments. Known for their lively behavior and tendency to jump, they are highly valued for their delicious taste and nutritional value. Barbs are among the most popular stream fish in certain regions and are increasingly being considered as a promising aquaculture species due to their fast growth, omnivorous diet, high economic value, and strong development potential.
In recent years, artificial breeding of barbs has gained momentum in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. In 2002, cage culture experiments were conducted in reservoirs in Jinyun, Zhejiang, with favorable economic outcomes. A total of 15 cages were set up, stocking 12,000 fish, resulting in 4 tons of adult fish worth 240,000 yuan, with a profit of 120,000 yuan. The following is an introduction to the relevant techniques used in the breeding process.
1. **Net Cage Setup**
The cage is a double-layer structure made from 2 cm inner mesh and 3 cm outer mesh, sewn with 33-polyethylene netting. Each cage measures 2m x 2m x 2m, with a water depth of 1.7m, providing an effective water volume of 6.8 m³. The frame is constructed using bamboo, while a steel frame with 12 mm diameter rods, 1.9 meters on each side, is placed at the bottom as a sinker. Alternatively, bricks can be hung at the corners of the cage for stability. The cages are positioned in well-ventilated areas and secured to trees or concrete piles on the bank using thick ropes or wire cables, arranged in a “one†shape with a spacing of 4 meters between them.
A feeding platform is installed inside the cage. For floating feed, a wooden platform measuring 80 cm long and 25 cm high is placed in the center, with 10 cm above the water surface to prevent feed loss. For sinking feed, a 40-mesh polyethylene net is laid at the bottom of the cage and folded up 30 cm along the walls. A funnel with a diameter of 120 mm and length of 2 meters is installed in the center, connected to a plastic tube 10 cm above the cage floor to deliver sinking feed to the feeding area.
2. **Pre-Stocking Preparation**
Before stocking, the cages must be thoroughly inspected for damage, knots, and cable wear. New cages should be submerged 7–10 days in advance to allow them to settle and stabilize. Due to their timid nature, barbs do not mix well with active species like tilapia or carp. Therefore, they are typically raised in single-species culture. Fish are usually stocked between January and April, with a preferred size of 50–100g per fish. Stocking density per cage ranges from 500 to 1,000 fish. All fish should be uniform in size, healthy, and disease-free. Before stocking, fish are treated with 3%–5% saltwater for 10–15 minutes, or 20g/m³ potassium permanganate for 10–20 minutes, or 10g/m³ polyether iodine for 15–30 minutes to ensure disinfection.
3. **Daily Management**
As wild river fish, barbs require careful feeding and domestication during the breeding process. They start feeding at 13°C, eat best between 25–30°C, and grow fastest within 20–30°C. After stocking, feeding begins once the water temperature exceeds 13°C. If the fish are already acclimated, full-price compound feed can be used directly. The feed should contain 32–35% crude protein, with 25–30% animal protein. For wild-caught fish, initial feeding should include favorite foods such as quail, maggots, squid, or fry bait, gradually transitioning to commercial feed. Feeding is done 2–3 times daily, with the amount depending on weather, water temperature, and fish activity. Typically, the daily feeding rate is 1–6% of the fish's body weight. When temperatures exceed 30°C, feeding decreases or stops entirely.
To ensure balanced nutrition and maintain the fish’s appearance and natural meat quality, supplementary green feeds such as ryegrass, corn leaves, pumpkin leaves, sweet potato leaves, mulberry leaves, duckweed, and other plant materials are also provided. Additionally, small amounts of animal-based feed like snails, worms, and wild fish are included. As the fish grow, they tend to prefer plant-based food, so the feed formula should be adjusted accordingly, incorporating more green feed.
Regular maintenance is essential, especially during flood seasons, to prevent issues caused by rodents, predators, and water fluctuations. Nets should be cleaned regularly, and the tanks should be monitored closely to observe feeding and growth patterns. During feed transitions, special attention should be given to the fish’s eating habits. Since the reservoir water quality is generally good, strict hygiene practices are maintained, including disinfecting fish, feeding platforms, and equipment. Fresh, palatable feed is always used to prevent diseases. Even if conditions like gill disease, bacterial infections, or enteritis occur, they can be managed using standard treatments for similar fish species.
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