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October Vegetable Cultivation Management Information
In the middle to late October, energy-saving greenhouses are used for overwintering vegetable cultivation. Cucumbers are planted during this period, and seedlings with 4 to 5 true leaves should be transplanted promptly. It is important not to flood the seedlings with water; instead, small furrows should be used for watering over 3 to 5 days until new roots develop. After that, water should be applied in the morning when the sun is out to meet the moisture needs of the young plants.
After 5 to 6 days of watering, plowing should be carried out. During the seedling stage, two rounds of weeding are necessary. The process involves working from the plant base up to the ridge bottom, starting shallow and gradually deepening. Once the roots are established, sturdy mulch should be applied before watering to encourage root development and help the plants survive the winter. Before planting or watering, it’s advisable to spray a preventive treatment to avoid downy mildew and blight.
For delayed vegetable cultivation, such as cucumbers, zucchini, and tomatoes, it's important to manage them during the fruit expansion phase. Timely fertilization using 15–20 kg of DAP per acre, mixed with water, helps promote growth. In mid-October, greenhouses with old plastic films should be replaced with new ones on windless sunny mornings to improve light exposure and boost yield.
For temperature-controlled vegetables grown in various protected environments, daytime temperatures should be maintained between 24°C and 28°C, while nighttime temperatures should stay between 12°C and 16°C. When outdoor temperatures drop below 10°C, vents should be closed immediately. If temperatures fall to 8°C–10°C, additional insulation materials like straw mats should be added to maintain a minimum temperature of 12°C in the morning, ensuring optimal crop growth.
If squash and cucumbers are grown in large sheds, topping the plants by two leaves before the end of October can help increase yields. For open-field vegetables like Chinese cabbage and celery, it's crucial to control diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot, leaf spot, as well as pests like whiteflies and aphids. In mid-to-late October, it's important to prepare for cold weather changes. Spraying with No. 1 or Yunzhisutong (Yunda-120) can enhance cold resistance. When a cold snap occurs, applying antifreeze can protect crops. Light covering also helps extend the growing season under favorable conditions.
This month, vegetables such as overwintering spinach (tip leaf varieties), moss, and sorghum are sown. Prior to sowing, 2–3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer should be applied to adjust soil moisture and prevent it from drying out after planting. In the second half of the year, Yangshuo or simple winter sheds (for garlic) can be sown, allowing them to be sold from the New Year to the Spring Festival.
October brings significant day-to-night temperature differences, with heavy dew in the morning and evening. This environment is ideal for the development of cucumber and cabbage downy mildew. To control this, spraying a mixture of 50% Anke diluted 1500 times and 80% Dasheng M-45 every 5–7 days, possibly up to 2–3 times, is recommended. For powdery mildew on melons, spraying 43% Esterella or 50% Tsui Bay diluted 5000–7000 times, once or twice, is effective. For pests like whiteflies, spotted flies, and crickets, spraying Green Vegetable Treasure or 5% Ping diluted 1500–2000 times can effectively manage infestations. (Source: Weihai Daily)