Energy-saving greenhouses are widely used for overwintering vegetable cultivation. In mid to late October, cucumbers are planted for winter growth. Seedlings with 4 to 5 healthy leaves should be transplanted promptly. Avoid flooding the seedlings; instead, water them through small ditches for 3 to 5 days until new roots develop. Then, during sunny mornings, water through shallow furrows to meet the moisture needs of the seedlings during this critical period. After 5 to 6 days of watering, it's time to loosen the soil. Two rounds of weeding should be carried out during the seedling stage. Start from the base of the plants and gradually go deeper, ensuring that the roots are properly seated. Cover the beds with a sturdy mulch before watering to promote root development and help the plants survive the winter. Before planting or watering, apply preventive treatments to avoid downy mildew and other diseases. For delayed vegetable cultivation, such as cucumbers, zucchini, and tomatoes, ensure timely fertilization to support growth. Apply 15–20 kg of DAP per acre and flush it with water. In mid-October, replace old greenhouse films with new ones on windless, sunny days to improve light exposure and increase yield. For temperature-controlled vegetables grown in protected areas, maintain daytime temperatures between 24°C and 28°C, and nighttime temperatures between 12°C and 16°C. When outside temperatures drop below 10°C, close vents immediately. If the temperature falls to 8°C–10°C, add extra insulation like straw mats to keep the greenhouse at least 12°C in the morning, ensuring optimal crop growth. If squash and cucumbers are grown in large greenhouses, prune them by pinching off two leaves before the end of October to boost yield. This practice helps redirect energy toward fruit production. For open-field vegetables like Chinese cabbage and celery, monitor and control diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot, leaf spot, and pests like whiteflies and aphids. In mid-to-late October, prepare for cold weather by using sprays like Yunda-120 or No. 1 to enhance plant cold resistance. When a cold snap hits, apply antifreeze solutions. Light coverage can also extend the growing season under favorable conditions. This month is ideal for sowing overwintering spinach (tip varieties), moss, and sorghum. Before sowing, apply 2–3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer to enrich the soil and maintain proper moisture. In the second half of the year, Yangshuo or simple winter sheds can be used for garlic planting, which can be harvested and sold from the New Year to the Spring Festival. October brings significant day-to-night temperature differences, with heavy dew in the morning and evening. This environment increases the risk of downy mildew in cucumbers and cabbages. To manage this, spray a mixture of 50% Anke diluted 1500 times and 80% Dasheng M-45 every 5–7 days, possibly up to 2–3 times. For powdery mildew on melons, use 43% Esterella or 50% Tsui Bay diluted 5000–7000 times, applying it once or twice as needed. To control pests like whiteflies, spotted flies, and crickets, use Green Vegetable Treasure or 5% Ping diluted 1500–2000 times. These measures effectively prevent and control pest infestations. (Source: Weihai Daily) Hainan white pepper Sichuan Liuhang Agriculture Co.Ltd , https://www.lhagriculture.com