A New Model of Efficient Breeding of Chinese Sturgeons

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During the breeding process of Chinese sturgeon in ponds, it is highly recommended to separate male and female sturgeons into different ponds. This practice significantly reduces disease occurrences and enhances economic returns. The pond should be designed with an area of 6,600 square meters and a water depth ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 meters. A 50 cm high escape-proof wall should be constructed around the pond using materials such as bricks, cement, or cement boards. A 50 cm buffer zone should be left outside the wall, and the corners should be shaped into ellipses or circles to prevent sturgeons from escaping. Before stocking, the pond needs to be cleared and consolidated for 10 to 20 days. Excess silt should be removed, leaving a 10 cm layer. Inlet and outlet openings must be equipped with iron fences or screens. After cleaning, the pond can be treated with quicklime, bleach, or bromochloroacetic acid. Water should be refilled 2 to 3 days later, maintaining a spring water level of 50-80 cm. A dedicated feeding station should be set up at Xiangyangpo, positioned away from the main feeding area to minimize disturbance. The station can be made of cement boards, wooden boards, bamboo boards, or polyethylene boards. It can either float on the surface or be fixed with one end submerged and the other above water. An awning can be added during summer to protect the feed from direct sunlight. Once the water temperature stabilizes above 20°C, young sturgeons can be introduced. In Shandong Province, natural stockings typically occur in mid-to-late April, while those raised in wintering greenhouses are stocked in mid-to-late May. Each juvenile should weigh between 150–500 grams, with 300–500 individuals per 667 square meters (1 acre). Before stocking, they should be dipped in a 30 mg/l povidone-iodine solution (1% available iodine) for 10–20 minutes. After stocking, disinfect the water daily with chlorine dioxide. Additionally, 50–150 grams of fish per tail, or 100–150 tails of carp weighing 50–150 grams each, can be stocked alongside the sturgeons. The stocking method follows standard practices used in conventional pond farming. Feeding should be done carefully and systematically. No special feeding is required for squid or other bait, but Chinese sturgeon-specific feed should be used. The feed can be fresh or live bait such as small fish. Feeding should follow the principles of qualitative, quantitative, timed, and fixed positioning. The feed must comply with regulations like SC/T1047-2001 for compound feeds and NY 5072-2002 for safety standards. Live bait must be fresh, non-polluting, and free from pathogens. Feed should be given consistently, adjusting amounts based on consumption. Typically, feed once a day at noon, twice at 8 and 16:00, or three times at 6, 12, and 18:00. Feeding locations should remain consistent, and the same person should handle feeding whenever possible. After stocking, non-hazardous compound feed should be used, mixed with clean water and placed on the feeding station. The distance from the feed to the water surface should allow easy access. From April to May and October, feed 1–2 times daily. From June to September, feed 2–3 times. Daily feed rates vary: 0.15–0.5% in April and October, 0.5–1% in May, and 1–2% in June and September. Fresh live bait should be fed at 5–10% of body weight. Evening feeding accounts for 60–70%, while daytime is 30–40%. From April to June, 100–200 kg of snails per 667 square meters can be added. From May to June, egg-inoculated shrimp or seedlings can also be introduced to provide additional live food. Water quality management is crucial. Maintain a low water level in spring and increase it during summer, autumn, and winter. Freshwater should be added every 7 days, increasing by 10–20 cm each time. If water quality deteriorates, partial water changes are necessary. Chlorine-based disinfectants or lime should be applied regularly, alternating types monthly to prevent resistance. Daily management involves checking the pond three times a day—morning, afternoon, and evening. Before feeding, inspect the escape prevention structures. Observe feeding behavior and adjust quantities accordingly. If water quality issues arise, perform immediate water changes or add disinfectant. Monitor the sturgeons' behavior regularly. If signs of illness are detected, isolate affected individuals and treat them promptly. Clean and disinfect feeding stations regularly, removing debris, dirt, and potential predators from the water.

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