Heavy sorghum cultivation accumulates the bacteria source in the soil and aggravates the occurrence of diseases: the multiple cropping index in the protected area is high, and the crop rotation is difficult. Continuous cultivation of the cultivars continuously increases the content of bacteria in the soil, and the micro-climate with high temperature and high humidity in the protected area is suitable for disease occurrence. , causing the disease to increase. Improper cultivation methods and unreasonable irrigation methods have created conditions for the occurrence of diseases: According to the survey, the occurrence of diseases in general leveling cultivation is more important than that in high-ridge cultivation, and the incidence of fields with large flooding or flooding times is also heavier. Premature colonization is also one of the reasons causing the death of peppers: In recent years, some vegetable farmers have only cared for it early and blindly advanced the date of sowing and planting. In particular, last year in our province Changle Ditch and other places, most of the vegetable farmers have been planted in mid-July, due to strong light, hot temperatures, high air humidity, coupled with excessive planting, resulting in severe yellow leaf dead trees. Germ infections during the growth period: According to research conducted in recent years, there are two types of pathogens that cause dead tree disease in pepper in Shouguang City. One is bacterial infestation, such as bacterial wilt. The disease began to wilt from the top of the branches of the leaves, accompanied by wilting and blighting of the entire leaf, and the disease duration was short. The appearance of the diseased stem was not obvious, and the vascular bundle in the longitudinal stem turned brown, and the milky white mucus overflowed from the cross section. The other type is fungal diseases, which mainly include three kinds of wilt disease, epidemic disease and sclerotinia disease. In the early stage of wilt disease, the lower leaves were largely exfoliated, and the cortex of the stem base that was in contact with the ground was rotted, and the shoots and leaves of the shoots quickly withered. Epidemics can occur throughout the growing period of peppers and are most vulnerable to fruit setting. In the adult phase of disease, the diseased part forms long strips. The sick and healthy borders are obvious, the lesions are sunken or slightly contracted, and the diseased leaves are wilted and defoliated. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease causes damage to stems or branches and branches. When the humidity is high, the disease minister produces white mycelium, and at the later period, the black rat fecal nucleus can grow, and finally the plants die. The epidemic disease has the highest incidence, accounting for about 70% of the dead tree fields. The disease has a fast onset, especially after high-temperature watering, and can be extensively affected within a few hours. Not only the seedlings can be susceptible, but also the stems of adult plants. Leaves and fruit can be susceptible to disease, the speed of transmission is also faster, and the damage is greater; followed by root rot, accounting for about 20% of dead tree fields, generally wilting after fruiting, brown root lesions occur in the main root, the root bark is easily stripped, To make peppercorn not mature properly, the root rot disease has the characteristics of long duration and difficult to find in the early stage. Once it is too late, early prevention is of vital importance; the incidence of bacterial wilt and blight is small, but blue Blight is a bacterial disease. It not only spreads quickly, but also has a short course of disease and dies quickly. It is often a devastating disaster. Specific prevention measures The prevention and control of dead chillies is to prevent and control these diseases at the same time. Prevention and control must first understand the characteristics of these diseases: These diseases can be transmitted by water. The pathogens are mostly in the soil and can infect the roots of the peppers in the soil. Like the disease and bacterial wilt, they can also invade directly. The upper organs of stems and leaves that are dyed with peppers can be said to be capable of infecting peppers in all directions; root rot and epidemics can infect peppers at the seedling stage, and can also infect peppers at the adult stage, which can be said to be in chili It can be infested throughout the growing period. In current production practices, some vegetable farmers use grafting to prevent dead trees, and some use fumigation to treat soil with pesticides, each with its advantages and disadvantages. After investigation and research and practical tests, relevant experts summarized a set of techniques for the prevention and treatment of dead trees in chili peppers, and they are introduced here. This method is based on the characteristics of the whole growth period of dead cedar bacteria, and it adopts a comprehensive prevention and control strategy from the underground to the ground, prevention from the next species to the whole growth period after harvest. Its specific approach is: First, clean seedbeds: Although more and more farmers have purchased finished product seedlings in the past few years, most farmers still maintain their own seedlings. Nursery should pay attention to their own seedbed clean, the first choice is the new soil, followed by the seedbed to eliminate the bacteria, can be used against the enemy and other agents. Second, transplanting medication: the amount of Xiangnong 4, when transplanting acupuncture points, 1000 to 1500 grams per acre, before the Application can be mixed with soil mixed medicine to facilitate the use. Third, to strengthen irrigation: one month after colonization, and then use the above agent to irrigate the root, the dilution multiple of 600 to 800 times, but also can be sprayed on the foliage. Fourth, regular spraying: regular spraying prevention, you can use a broad-spectrum fungicide Dasheng - M45, etc., or to the agricultural No. 4 800 times, every 7 to 10 days to spray once. Of course, the dead tree of the pepper has a certain relationship with the planted variety. However, by adopting the above methods, prevention and control in all aspects of the whole growing period can basically prevent the death of the pepper.
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