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Key points for managing winter wheat in rainy season
"Rainwater" is the second of the 24 traditional solar terms in the Chinese calendar, marking the transition from winter to spring. On February 18 at 20:26, this year’s "Rainwater" solar term officially began. It signifies the end of the snow season and the start of a period with more frequent rain and moisture. As the temperature gradually rises, the natural world begins to awaken.
During the Rainwater period, one of the key signs is the melting of ice, which reflects changes in climate such as warmer temperatures, increased rainfall, and higher humidity. Another sign is the thawing of rivers and frozen soil in northern regions. As the ground warms, some areas may experience refreezing in the upper layers of the soil. In the Yellow River valley, the top 20 cm of soil typically thaws after the Rainwater, which benefits crop root development and helps plants absorb water and nutrients more efficiently. This process supports winter wheat in transitioning into the greening or jointing stage.
Rainwater plays a crucial role in agricultural activities, especially for overwintering crops like winter wheat. Since both rainfall and air temperature are essential elements for farming, managing water during this time is vital. However, in many northern regions, spring rains are scarce, and farmers often say that "spring rain is worth more than oil." To ensure a bountiful harvest, it's important to adopt scientific drought-resistant practices tailored to local conditions.
In arid winter wheat areas, when the seedlings have turned green, irrigation is not needed unless the dry soil layer reaches 5–8 cm. At that point, timely artificial irrigation should be applied. For fields using sprinkler systems, a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea can be added during watering. In areas with ground irrigation, if water supply is sufficient, organic manure can be applied to help the crop recover. In regions with artificial rainfall, where precipitation is limited, excessive nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided to prevent waste. The goal is to save water, and the yellowing of seedlings is due to drought, not nutrient deficiency. Delaying nitrogen application until the plants recover is more effective.
For areas with less severe drought and no irrigation facilities, farmers should focus on soil conservation. Soil acts as a natural reservoir, storing large amounts of water that can be used by crops. Scientifically utilizing deep soil moisture can help reduce water stress in wheat and better align crop water needs with seasonal rainfall patterns. Many northern regions experienced heavy autumn rains last year, and the moisture remained in the soil. Traditional wisdom suggests "using spring rain wisely" and "preparing for summer harvests," emphasizing proactive measures to combat spring droughts.
Farmers in northern Shanxi and Inner Mongolia believe that the "three-nine lands" should be preserved, while those in Qinghai prefer to prepare before the soil thaws. Hebei farmers use the topsoil to return to the frozen layer, making efficient use of stored moisture. These traditional methods highlight the importance of water conservation and drought resistance, offering valuable lessons for modern agriculture.