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How to reduce the pests and diseases of edible fungi
The main pests affecting edible fungi include mushroom midges, fungus gnats, larvae, cockroaches, and nematodes. To effectively manage these pests, a comprehensive approach to prevention and control is essential.
First, maintaining cleanliness in the mushroom farm is crucial. Before cultivation begins, the mushroom house should be thoroughly cleaned and sprayed evenly with an 800-fold dilution of trichlorfon or dichlorvos. For outdoor mushroom cultivation, surrounding weeds should be removed, and the soil and area around the site should be treated with a 250-fold dilution of trichlorfon.
To prevent adult pests from entering the growing area, all doors, windows, and vents in indoor cultivation rooms should be fitted with fine mesh gauze (60 mesh) to block entry by mosquitoes and other flying insects.
Mushroom midges and other adult insects are attracted to light. Using black lights or fluorescent lamps can help trap them. A solution of dichlorvos can be placed under the lamp or directly beneath it to kill the insects as they come into contact with the chemical.
Insect fumigation is another effective method. In enclosed spaces, 2–3 tablets of aluminum phosphide per cubic meter can be used to sterilize the area and eliminate insect infestations.
For the culture medium, 15 ml of dicofol can be mixed with 50 kg of substrate and 10 kg of water, then sprayed evenly onto the material. This treatment should be repeated for three days to eliminate any pest sources within the materials. Alternatively, mixing 40% phoxim at a 500-fold dilution or 2.5% chlorpyrifos at a 1000-fold dilution also provides excellent pest control.
If pests are detected before fruiting, spraying with a 500-fold dilution of trichlorfon, a 1000-fold dilution of enemy kill (chlorpyrifos), or an 800-fold dilution of dichlorvos can help manage the infestation effectively.
By combining these methods—cleaning, physical barriers, light traps, fumigation, and targeted sprays—farmers can significantly reduce pest problems and ensure healthier mushroom production.