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In August, Shatang Tang put autumn shoots
In the past two years, Guangdong Shatang Tang market has seen a surge in demand, prompting Huazhou City to focus on restructuring its fruit industry by prioritizing the Shatang orange as a key crop for future development. This has led to a significant increase in planting activities. To date, the total area dedicated to Shatang oranges in Huazhou has reached 3,000 acres. Due to the diverse climate conditions across different regions, the cultivation techniques for Shatang oranges vary. Drawing from successful experiences in other areas and adapting them to Huazhou’s local climate, I have developed a comprehensive set of practices for cultivating high-quality mother trees of Shatang oranges. Below are the key steps:
First, timing the release of the mother branches. Autumn shoots are the primary source of fruit production for Shatang oranges. The optimal time for releasing these shoots depends on the tree's age, growth vigor, fruit load, and environmental conditions. For young trees (2–3 years old) with strong growth and few fruits, the best time is late August to early September. Trees aged 4–6 years should be pruned around mid-August, while older trees (7 years and above) should be pruned from late July to early August.
Second, managing fertilization before the autumn shoot growth. Fertilizer application should begin 10–15 days before the expected emergence of autumn shoots to accelerate fruit enlargement and promote healthy, uniform shoot growth. For young fruit trees, well-rotted manure or cooked peanut bran water is ideal. Each tree can receive 0.5–1 kg of cake fertilizer or 0.2 kg of urea mixed with 10 kg of livestock manure. For mature trees, apply 4–5 kg of cooked fat cake, 1.5 kg of bran fertilizer, and 0.3–0.5 kg of potassium chloride 15 days before the autumn shoots emerge. After the shoots mature, apply a phosphorus and potassium-rich fertilizer to help the tree store enough nutrients for the next year's flowering.
Third, controlling fruit yield. Young trees still need to expand their canopy and maintain strong growth. Light pruning is the main technique, encouraging new shoots by removing scattered buds. Aim to have 80% of the trees in the orchard develop new shoots. When buds appear on branch shoots, they should be pinched back. Once the shoots reach 5–6 cm in length, thin them out based on the principle of "weakening weak shoots and keeping strong ones," leaving 2–3 new shoots per main branch. For mature trees, balance vegetative and reproductive growth by cutting back 0.5–1 cm thick branches on the upper and middle parts of the canopy to encourage autumn shoots. Strong branches should be cut at 0.8–1 cm thick, with 80–120 cuts per tree. This ensures the mother trees can meet the yield requirements.
Fourth, protecting branches and leaves. In practice, it's recommended to perform tip-cutting during the low activity period of the leaf miner, which usually occurs from late July to early August. If the planned timing doesn’t align with this period, spraying must be done to protect the quality and quantity of mother branches. Begin spraying when new shoots grow to 5–10 mm, applying the treatment every 7–10 days for 2–3 times. Suitable insecticides include 48% Loester EC diluted 80–1000 times, 52.25% Farmland emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000–1500 times, or 25% enzymatic wettable powder diluted 1000–1500 times.
Fifth, preventing winter shoot development. Due to cold temperatures and dry soil, winter shoots rarely grow properly and often fail to serve as functional vegetative shoots. Their growth can interfere with nutrient accumulation and flower bud differentiation. After the autumn shoots mature, it's essential to control winter shoots. Techniques such as water restriction, root pruning, and girdling can be used. If plants show slight curling in the afternoon, they should recover by morning. In case of strong northern winds, light watering can help protect the autumn shoots.