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In August, Shatang Tang put autumn shoots
In the past two years, Guangdong Shatang Tang market has experienced a surge in popularity, prompting Huazhou City to focus on adjusting its fruit industry structure. As a result, Shatang orange has become the key fruit species for future development, leading to a significant increase in planting activities. To date, the area under Shatang orange cultivation in Huazhou has reached 3,000 acres. Due to its adaptability to various climates, Shatang orange can be grown across different regions, but each area requires tailored cultivation techniques. Drawing from experiences in other regions and considering Huazhou's unique climate, I have developed a set of effective methods for cultivating high-quality Shatang orange mother trees. Below are the key steps:
First, timing for releasing the mother shoots. Autumn shoots are the main reproductive branches of Shatang orange. The best time to release them depends on the tree’s age, vigor, fruit load, and local weather conditions. For young trees (2–3 years old) with strong growth and few fruits, it is ideal to start in late August to early September. Trees aged 4–6 years should be pruned around mid-August, while older trees (7 years and above) benefit most from pruning at the end of July to early August.
Second, fertilization management before autumn shoot development. A fertilizer application 10–15 days before the autumn shoots begin helps accelerate fruit growth and promotes uniform, strong shoot development. Young fruit trees are best fertilized with well-rotted manure or cooked peanut bran water, using about 0.5–1 kg of cake fertilizer or 0.2 kg of urea mixed with 10 kg of livestock manure per tree. For mature trees, apply 4–5 kg of cooked fat cake, 1.5 kg of bran fertilizer, and 0.3–0.5 kg of potassium chloride about 15 days before the autumn shoots emerge. After the shoots mature, a final fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium is applied to ensure sufficient nutrient reserves for the next year’s flowering.
Third, controlling fruit production. Young trees still need to expand their canopy, so light pruning is recommended to encourage new shoots. Remove scattered buds until 80% of the trees show new growth. When buds appear on branch shoots, they should be pinched back. Once the shoots grow to 5–6 cm, thin them out by keeping only 2–3 strong shoots per main branch. For mature trees, balance between vegetative and reproductive growth by cutting 0.5–1 cm thick branches on the upper and middle parts of the canopy. Thicker cuts (0.8–1 cm) can be made, with 80–120 cuts per tree, ensuring the mother trees produce enough fruit.
Fourth, protecting branches and leaves. During the low peak of leaf miner activity (late July to early August), tipping is advised. If this period does not align with the planned shoot release, pesticide applications are necessary to protect the quality and quantity of mother branches. Spray when new shoots reach 5–10 mm in length, repeating every 7–10 days for 2–3 times. Suitable pesticides include 48% Loester EC diluted 80–1000 times, 52.25% Farmland emulsifiable concentrate at 1000–1500 times, or 25% enzymatic wettable powder at 1000–1500 times.
Fifth, preventing winter shoot growth. Winter shoots typically do not develop properly due to cold temperatures and dry soil, and they can interfere with nutrient accumulation and flower bud formation. After the autumn shoots mature, it is crucial to control winter shoots through practices like water restriction, root pruning, and girdling. If leaves curl slightly in the afternoon and recover in the morning, it indicates healthy growth. In case of strong north winds, light watering can help protect the autumn shoots.