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Several kinds of Chinese herbal medicine planting techniques
**Huang Hao**
Huangqi, also known as Astragalus membranaceus, is a hardy plant that adapts well to various soil types. It is drought-tolerant and cold-resistant, thriving best in deep, fertile soils where it can produce high yields. This herb is widely cultivated for its medicinal value.
Planting can be done in spring, summer, or autumn. Before sowing, seeds should be soaked in warm water for about 6 hours. After soaking, they are placed in pots and then sown. A well-drained sandy soil with good permeability is ideal. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and till the soil thoroughly to create a fine seedbed. Water the area after 3–5 days, then use an iron spatula to level the surface and make furrows 23–27 cm apart. Place the seeds in the furrows, which should be 4–6 cm deep, and cover them with soil using a large rake. The seeds typically emerge within 6–7 days.
Before emergence, keep the soil consistently moist. Once the seedlings appear, reduce watering and focus on loosening the soil around the plants. When the seedlings reach 6–7 cm in height, thin them out so that each plant has enough space. For top dressing, apply 10–15 kg of composted manure and 25–40 kg of fermented cake per mu (approximately 667 square meters). As the plants begin to flower, increase the frequency of watering. Generally, Huangqi is resistant to pests and diseases, but if there is heavy rainfall, proper drainage should be ensured.
After the autumn harvest or the following year’s harvest, cut the stems and leaves when they wither. Remove the roots from the soil, clean them, and dry them before bundling for sale. On average, 300 kg of dried root is produced per mu, and up to 900–1100 kg of fresh root can be harvested.
**Pinellia Ternata (Banxia)**
Pinellia ternata prefers well-drained, loose, and fertile sandy or semi-sandy soils. It is drought-tolerant and can grow in most soil types. Before planting, apply 100–150 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu and deeply plow the land to prepare a suitable seedbed.
For propagation, use tubers. Dig trenches 21–24 cm apart and 4–6 cm deep. Place the tubers 5–7 cm apart in the trench, cover with soil, and press down with a large rake. If the soil is already moist, no additional watering is needed until the seedlings emerge.
In field management, Pinellia is often intercropped with tall crops like corn or sorghum, which provide shade and improve growth conditions. Water the crop 2–3 times a year, especially after each pruning. Ensure proper drainage during rainy seasons and maintain moisture during dry periods. Pinellia is generally free from major pests and diseases.
Harvesting can take place before or after the Frost Festival, or in the following spring. Dig up the bulbs, separate the large ones for medicinal use, and save the small ones as seeds. The medicinal material is processed by peeling, washing, and drying before being sold.
**Banlangen (Isatis indigotica)**
Banlangen is a herb that grows up to 30–35 cm tall. Its roots are used as medicine, while the leaves are called Daqingye. It is adaptable to various soil types and thrives in both cold and warm climates. It prefers full sun and avoids excessive moisture.
Propagation is usually done through seeds. Spring sowing takes place between March and May, using well-drained, loose soil. Sow seeds in rows spaced 18–20 cm apart, with a depth of 15 cm. Cover the seeds, press the soil, and water them. Germination occurs within 7–10 days at around 18°C. Summer sowing follows a similar method, with germination occurring in 4–5 days.
Field management includes thinning the seedlings when they reach 6 cm in height, spacing them about 5 cm apart. Apply 15 kg of ammonium nitrate and 15 kg of superphosphate per mu after the first thinning. Water the field after applying fertilizer. During the summer solstice, apply 10 kg of urea to promote growth.
Harvesting involves cutting the leaves once daily in spring, starting from the base. Dry the leaves quickly for use as medicine. In summer, the roots are harvested after the leaves are removed.
**Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)**
Honeysuckle is a perennial shrub that grows across China and can survive temperatures as low as -35°C. It has upright stems and reaches heights of 1–15 meters in its first year. Pruning is essential to encourage lateral growth, which increases yield. Plant 450–500 shoots per mu, with a survival rate of over 98%.
In the first half of the year, buds are picked when ready. Harvest twice: once in early autumn and again in mid-Mid-Autumn Festival. Dry the flowers in a ventilated, dry place. Honeysuckle can be planted for long-term production, yielding 100–150 kg of dried flowers per mu annually.
Field management includes removing litter at the base of the plants in fall, peeling bark to prevent disease, and turning the soil around the stems. Apply 5–10 kg of organic fertilizer per plant, and optionally add 0.1 kg of superphosphate. Create raised beds to collect rainwater and snow.
Pruning is critical for yield. Winter pruning is done after leaves fall and before new growth begins. Use the "light cut, weak branches, heavy shearing" principle. Cut back strong branches to 8–10 buds, weak branches to 3–5 buds, and remove diseased or tangled branches. Young plants should be pruned to develop a strong main stem with 3–5 poles.
Summer pruning helps control apical dominance, encouraging more side shoots and improving flower quality. Cut off the tips of vigorous branches and remove weak, yellowing branches.
Harvesting occurs 15–20 days after budding, when the buds are swollen and greenish-white. Pick in the early morning for best quality. Fresh flowers should be dried immediately.
Drying methods include natural drying on clean mats under sunlight, or using a drying room at 45°C, followed by heating to 60°C. For faster drying, use sulfur fumigation, though this may affect quality. Natural drying is preferred for better preservation of color and medicinal properties.