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1. Thinning: One-to-two-year-old shoots sprouted many new shoots of the year through techniques such as sprouting and branching. These new shoots differ in the length and growth of the new shoots, depending on the location of the shoots. New shoots sprouting at the upper back may be more prosperous and are generally difficult to retain. In particular, too many buds, too strong back branches, and peripheral branches often use this technique.
2. Short cut: For some parts of a small number of germination, space can be used for a short cut culture sticks group, the specific method of operation: select this year's new shoots, leave about 5 large leaves for short cuts, promote its secondary bud. The weaker secondary tree has weakened secondary buds and may have flower buds. Magnolia still has to be twice shorter, but the second sprout can only slow down the trend and the probability of flowering is very small.
3. Twisting tip: The site of the new shoot is not suitable, and it can be used to change the direction of the growth of the stick branch by twisting the tip to achieve a reasonable use of space. Specific approach: When the new shoot is semi-woody, the new shoot will be twisted and rotated at a 5 to 6 centimeter base of the new shoot at a certain angle to fix it in a larger space.
4. Branch opening angle: refers to the larger perennial branches cultured in the stem or main branch, because the angle is too small, the direction is not right, and artificial measures to change the angle and direction of growth. Spring, summer, autumn and winter can be applied in all seasons, but the toughness of the branches in the growing season is relatively strong, and the branch opening angle is better.
5. Circumcision: The concept of circumcision and circumcision is the same, except that there is a difference in the extent of the wound. The circumcision is easier to heal and the wound recovers faster. The girdling damages the tree body too much, which severely destroys the nutrient distribution in the upper and lower parts of the tree, resulting in massive root deaths and weakening the tree vigor. Whether it is circumcision or circumcision, remember not to perform it on the trunk and permanent branches, but on some temporary branches and auxiliary branches.
Second, prevention and treatment of leaf diseases in recent years caused a large area of ​​deciduous fruit trees is not pests, but disease. The diseases that damage fruit trees are brown spot, round spot, grey spot and leaf spot. Among them, brown spot and leaf spot disease are the main diseases. Over the years, people have established a set of regular methods for the prevention and treatment of leaf diseases, which have played a positive and effective role. However, with the change of climate, the increase of orchard area, the increase in the number of bags, and the period of bagging are getting longer and longer. The reason is that the interval between the last drug before bagging and the first pass after bagging is too long. The validity period of the previous drug is generally no more than 10 days, and if it is more than 10 days when bagging, neither the protective agent nor the therapeutic agent will work. The germs have invaded the foliage, and it is a mistake to spray the Bordeaux mixture on the trees in the traditional way. To update ideas and change strategies. After the bagging period exceeded 10 days, the bactericidal and more effective tebuconazole were used to kill and remove the pathogen in the garden, and the protective Bordeaux mixture was sprayed again during the effective period. Change the previous "protection, treatment, protection, and treatment" to "treatment, protection, treatment, and protection." If there is leaf spot later in the experiment, do not use carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl or thiophanate-methyl, and use the imported "prodilin and homemade iprodione." Because carbendazim is almost ineffective against leaf spot, thiophanate-methyl and thiophanate-methyl are also converted to carbendazim in plants to function as a bactericidal agent.
Third, watering cooling The reason why the use of water cooling method is because the apple after bagging environmental conditions have changed, the temperature outside the bag when the weather is generally about 30 °C, and the bag temperature is as high as 56 °C ~ 58 °C, easy Sunburn damage. Therefore, watering the bagged consequential garden can effectively change the microclimate of the orchard, and it can reduce the temperature and prevent sunburn. Of course, when the orchards are dry and water shortage, the role of watering is far more than these.
IV. Flood control and drainage Three months of July, August and September in northern China are the main flood seasons. In recent years, sudden death of fruit trees due to high rainfall has often occurred. Rain started on August 8th, 2010, and it stopped until September 10. It dropped 23 days in one month. As a result, the fall of fruit trees in autumn is widespread. In the spring of 2011, many fruit trees were rotted and dead. This was all the trouble caused by the rain.
Summer management of apple orchards requires heart
First, summer pruning of apple trees is different from winter, but the purpose is the same, all for the high yield, stable production and longevity of apple trees. The difference is the phenological period is different, one is dormancy trim, one is growing season trim. Therefore, some specific technologies are different. The specific techniques for summer trimming are as follows: