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Manure is mainly used as a base fertilizer, but due to many fertilizers, chaos, miscellaneous and high prices, many vegetable farmers choose manure as topdressing, there are flushing facilities, and there are also ditches. However, due to the unclear understanding of the characteristics of manure and improper application, many vegetable farmers have experienced many problems such as yellow leaves of vegetables and stunted growth. Here, we will separately introduce the matters needing attention in the winter manure application from the aspects of rushing and ditching.
First, Chong Shi in Shouguang City Sunjiaji Street Baojialou and other places, manure, etc. Mainly used as top dressing. However, there are still many problems in the application of manure, such as the unreasonable proportion of fertilizers, the emergence of smoked sheds without decay, and so on.
First, manure needs to be applied in conjunction with potash. Although the nutrient content of manure is complete, its content ratio is not necessarily suitable for the growth of vegetables. According to the survey, the top dressings used in various places are mainly pig manure and chicken manure. The manure is generally high in nitrogen and phosphorus, but the potassium content is relatively low. For example, the NPK content of pig manure is 0.6%, 0.6%, and 0.4%, respectively; Manure was 1.63%, 1.54%, and 0.85%. For the demand of solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables, the demand for potassium is generally greater than that of nitrogen, which is much greater than that of phosphorus. For example, the ratio of tomato to fertilizer is about 3.3:1.3:3.5, eggplant 3.3:0.9:4.5, and pepper 5.19. : 1.07:6.46, Cucumber 2.6: 1.4:3.5. Simply flushing manure obviously cannot meet the needs of vegetable growth. Therefore, manure must be applied in conjunction with potash fertilizer, and generally 3-5 kilograms of potassium sulfate need to be added per acre to achieve reasonable nutrient requirements in topdressing.
Second, manure must be fully decomposed. Without decomposing manure, nutrient availability is low and the purpose of topdressing cannot be achieved. Instead, problems such as rooting and smoking can occur. Therefore, when manure is used as fertilization, it is recommended that vegetable growers should prepare as early as possible, and avoid fresh manure. The manure can be purchased in advance six months in advance and stacked in front of the shed. When composting, the manure should not be piled too thick, but also pay attention to proper ventilation, can use a small bundle of corn stalks inserted into the dung heap, to ensure that there is an appropriate amount of oxygen supply, promote the proliferation of biological bacteria, to ensure that manure can be decomposed up and down. Or put the manure in the fermentation tank inside the shed before adding fertilizer, evenly add the decoction agent, and then put it into top dressing for more than 20 days. In this way, the effectiveness of manure can be increased, the purpose of top dressing can be achieved, and the hazards such as root damage can be avoided and cannot be ignored.
It should also be noted that manure is low in nutrient content and has poor efficacy. It is best not to apply it continuously for a long period of time. Instead, it should be used in conjunction with biological bacterial fertilizers, total water-soluble fertilizers, etc. It can promote each other with better results.
Second, the ditch planting or application of eggplant, loofah, etc. are mostly cultivated for a year. Although the amount of base fertilizer is large, it is more important than top dressing. It is easy to follow the water, and it is most recognized by the vegetable farmers. When one says fertilizer, many vegetable farmers first think of stimulating with water, and neglecting the methods of furrow application and hole application. This can be done on two pods of vegetables a year, but it is very unfavorable for a big one-year-old.
The application of furrows or digging holes not only supplements the nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables, reduces the volatilization and loss of the active ingredients of the fertilizer, but also loosens the soil to some extent, enhances the permeability of the soil, and is conducive to the growth of vegetable roots. Increased development and activity make the vegetables grow stronger. According to the experiments of vegetable farmers, a large amount of vegetables can be applied in the ditch or hole in the winter to promote early spring vegetables returning to the trees. After returning to the tree, they will produce more fruit and produce more.
Gully application or hole before the application of the film should be lifted, and then 15-20 cm away from the plant ditch or dig, deep 10 cm or so, after the addition of fertilizer covered with soil. The ditch or hole application should be based on good composting manure, 400-500 kg per mu, with commercial organic fertilizer (such as large-source fish protein fermented soybean meal, etc.) 100-150 kg per mu, high-quality potassium compound fertilizer 15-30 kg. Water once after fertilization.