When it comes to the biological safety of pig farms, many pig farmers and even some veterinarians are still at the level of disinfection. This is not the case. Biosecurity refers to all the measures to kill pathogenic microorganisms in vitro, reduce the chances of organisms infecting pathogenic microorganisms, and cut off the transmission routes of pathogenic microorganisms. These measures can achieve the goal of reducing the pressure of animal infections on pathogenic microorganisms, preventing the spread of diseases, and improving the economic efficiency of farmers. It can be described as a low-input, high-yield, multi-productive initiative. Biosafety measures specifically cover the entire process of raising pigs, which is described in several points. 1 Pig farm layout The site of the farm should be selected in a place where the population is sparse. If there are no pig farmers around, there should be a special farm road away from major highways and railways, and there are few other people passing by. The water source should be convenient and safe. The pig farm should be built on a dry, sunny and ventilated dwarf hillside. Consult the meteorological department firstly for the main wind direction of the local area. It is best to draw a rose pattern of the wind direction throughout the year to find out the main Wind direction, according to the breeding-pregnancy-breast-feeding-conservation-fattening-segregation-disposal area order, from the upwind downward wind direction distribution, the best use of breeding, pregnancy, breastfeeding, conservation, fattening a little three-point distribution, Pull aside enough distance to spread the disease. Even if there is a pig house, it is difficult to spread to other pig houses. The pig houses are best to go east and west, sit south to north, and have windows in the north and south to facilitate daylighting and ventilation. Between pighouses, it is better to have a distance of more than 10 meters. Between the homes and the farms, tree species such as camphor, sweet-scented osmanthus and Phoebe bungeanensis can be used to purify odors and vacuum the noise. 2 Control other toxic organisms in the field There are many poisonous organisms, such as mice, birds, cats, dogs, chickens and ducks. Most of these organisms are poisonous and do not cause disease themselves, but their existence poses a great threat to the biosecurity of the farm. For example, rats are poisoned by leptospirosis. The breeding of mosquitoes and flies in summer is a season of high incidence of JE and Erythrozoon. Cats and dogs are carriers of toxoplasmosis, birds are carriers of Chlamydia, and birds and birds can also carry FMDV, but they do not The disease. 3 The visit procedure must be observed There must be a certain distance between the living area, the reception area and the production area. In the middle, it is best to use woods, fish ponds, and slopes as natural barriers. When employees go out and return to the field, they must have a certain isolation time to enter the production area. Before entering, they should take a bath in the living area. After entering the area, they should completely change clothes and wear clean clothes. Many big pig farms cannot avoid inspections and visits by superiors and friends. This requires pig farm managers to have scientific and reasonable rules and regulations, and requires visitors to strictly enforce the visit. The order of visits should also be scientific, from the most vulnerable and most The clean area begins. In general, visits from the delivery room to the nursery are generally not visited. 4 Adhere to sufficient time for isolation and self-support Self-cultivation can ensure that pigs in the yard are relatively closed, new diseases are not easily introduced, and that feeding them for a long period of time will make them aware of the old diseases of their own pigs, making them easier to control. If a breeding pig is introduced, it should be fed in the isolation house for about 60 days before introducing the reserve house and mixing it with a small amount of sow to allow it to adapt to the environment and microorganisms in the field. 5 Adhere to all-in, all-out system This measure is the key to the success of modern pig farming. The pig house is best designed as a small unit. The inside and outside of the pig house are separated from the dirt road. After passing through the dirt road, the clean road will not be taken without disinfection. Between the homes and the homes, there should be a dedicated swine passage. Before and after the pigs, the passages, pigs, and pig houses should be fully sterilized. Conditions can be in the transfer of the sow from the gestation room into a production house before a passage, there is a shower, there is a warm pool, it is best to massage the body scrubbing the body dirt and disinfection. The sows whose production period is close (usually the expected date of the week) are arranged in the same delivery room so that they are cut off together when they are weaned, so that they are completely sterilized. After weaning, they are almost estrused at the same time. Generally, 3 to 7 days can be used for estrus breeding. Easy to operate and manage, it is also convenient to observe. In this way, the same batch of sows enters the next cycle, and the weaned pigs only enter the nursery house in a unified manner. After the end of the nursery, they enter the finishing house again. The size of each house is matched and the production is streamlined. All phases are implemented. Moreover, because the pigs are close to each other on day, the stress is small and the disease is less, which means that the disease is relatively simple, and diagnosis and treatment are relatively easy. In actual production, many pig farms are not able to fully enter the farm because of their small scale, or the size of each farm is not matched, but at least it is necessary to ensure that the weight of pigs in the same column and similar columns are close to each other. In order to save space, some pig farms will breed pigs that differ greatly in age, and even hog pigs will be confined together. As a result, pigs may not develop disease in a short period of time, and over time, their outbreaks occur, and their condition is complicated. , not worth the candle, why not? The reason may be that some of the pigs have better resistance and adaptability. They are poisonous but not pathological. The smaller ones cannot resist the bacteria brought by the larger pigs, and are prone to morbidity. Moreover, the big pigs may not survive when the condition is worsened. It may also cause disease, complicating pathogens and conditions. 6 disinfection issues Disinfection generally includes disinfection tank disinfection, pig spray disinfection, empty house disinfection, drinking water disinfection, and environmental disinfection. Disinfection tanks should be installed at the entrance to the farm, entrance to the production area, and entrance to the pig house. The disinfection pool at the entrance to the farm and at the entrance to the production area must have sufficient length and depth. The length of the disinfectant pool should be more than two weeks into and out of the maximum wheel circumference. Disinfectant fluids should be selected in several types with different composition, and they should be used alternately, but not Some people understand that they use this today, and tomorrow they use another, generally using a liquid solution for another two weeks or so. In and out of the production area must have special vehicles, sales of pigs to be built outside the production area, will not allow dirty cars into the production area, do not allow production workers to contact the purchase of pig vehicles. With the pig spray disinfectant, choose a highly effective, low-toxicity and low-irritant liquid. When spraying, sprayer should be sprayed to the air at an angle of about 45 degrees until the ground is soaked. Do not spray on the pig. 7 Major infectious disease treatment When major infectious diseases occur, early detection, early isolation, and early treatment are needed. Controlling infectious diseases is like firefighters extinguishing forest fires. It is necessary to find out the fire point in time and eliminate it in the bud as quickly as possible. When it has not spread, it must be isolated and disinfected, and the source of infection should be set within a small range. Do not let it burst out. It is not terrible that such horrible infectious diseases are not easily spread out. During production, we must also pay attention to the fact that personnel must be fixed during this period, and they must not be indiscriminately stringed. When delineating certain areas during isolation, pigs around suspicious pigs can be sequestered together, relatively safe pigs can be removed, and suspicious pigs can be isolated. Other safe pigs are forbidden to transfer during this period. Feeding diseased pigs must be kept by special persons. If you cannot feed the diseased pigs, you must feed the suspected pigs after feeding the pigs. Finally, sick pigs should be used. The utensils must be separated and disinfected after use. For the timely diagnosis of sick pigs, both the symptoms and root causes, the timely disposal or disposal of worthless pigs, dissection, deep burial and other operations must pay attention to personal safety and avoid man-made toxic drugs. 8 Management attention The biosafety system is formulated by human beings and implemented by humans. Even the best systems are not implemented correctly or in a dead letter. Many pig farms have posted various systems everywhere and the results have not been implemented. As pig farm managers, they must continue to learn and improve, formulate a scientific and rational bio-security system, and regularly provide employees with training in bio-security and pig-raising treatments to improve their sense of ownership and bio-safety.
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