Once you apply a nicotine patch, you wear it throughout the dosage period, never removing it. It takes about three hours for the nicotine in the patch to seep through the skin into the bloodstream. Because it releases nicotine in a slower and steadier fashion than a cigarette, the patch cannot be taken off and put on only when a craving strikes.
Smoking Patch,Stop Smoking Patch,Effective Smoking Patch,Natural Anti Smoking Patch Hebei Houde Hanfang Medical Devices Co., LTD. , http://www.hodafhealth.com
Apple's various storage technologies
Apple is one of the more resistant fruits. However, the resistance of different species is different, among which the late-maturing varieties are more resistant to early and mid-maturing varieties, and the middle-maturing varieties are more resistant than the early-maturing varieties. The late-maturing varieties such as Red Fuji and Guoguang have very little change in hardness and quality during storage, and they have strong disease resistance and are suitable for long-term storage. Red Star, Marshal, Red Jade, Jonagold, Beidou and other mid-maturing varieties are easy to ripen and grow in the storage process, and their quality changes greatly. These species require strict storage conditions and are generally stored as short-term storage, but they can also be stored through controlled atmosphere storage. In March to March of the following year. (1) Gully. Gully apple is a storage method widely used by farmers in Yantai and other places in China. This method is simple, low investment, has a good storage effect. The choice of the address of the trench is very important. In the vicinity of the orchard or orchard, a trench with a low groundwater level and a sunny leeward trench is selected. The depth and width of the trench must be determined according to the local climatic conditions. For the cold climate, the trench should be deep and wide, and the depth of the trench should be below the permafrost. For example, in Yantaigou depths of 66 to 100 cm, width to 100 cm is appropriate, the length according to the amount of storage. The bottom of the trench should be about 2 cm thick wet sand to avoid damaging the fruit. If the trench is dry, spray water. The trenches should be dug a week before harvest and fully precooled. The method of pre-cooling is: cover the trench with a straw curtain during the day and open it at night. Pick out the mechanical wounds, the fruits of the pests and diseases, and put them in baskets, plastic bags or scattered in the shade for 2-3 nights to allow them to fully pre-cool. The fruit that enters the ditch can be loosely packed, basket-mounted, or plastic bagged. Plastic bags are preferred. Plastic bags are generally 0.07 mm thick polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, bags 15 to 25 kg. This method can effectively control the fruit's weight loss and maintain the fruit's hardness. From the time it is stored until it is frozen, use the low temperature at night to cool down the ditch and the apple. When the temperature in the local ditch is close to 30°C (the fruit temperature is above the freezing point), the ditch can be completely covered and the temperature can be lowered until the following year. The storage is completed until the maximum temperature in the ditch is greater than 15°C. (2) Air-raid shelters and cellar storage. There are many idle air-raid shelters and sweet potato pits in our country. These sites can become good apple storage places as long as they are transformed. Air defense holes to increase the door and ventilation holes. The door is generally divided into two doors, the first door with insulation, the second door with the role of rat. A ventilation hole like a chimney with an inner diameter of 1 to 1.2 meters is arranged on the rear bottom wall of the hole, and an opening window is installed on the side of the hole. The height of the ventilation hole is 1/3 to 1/2 of the hole length. If the storage volume is large and the ventilation holes are inconvenient to increase, install a 30- to 50-cm fan on the ventilation holes, or install a 3-kW power blower at the opening. After harvesting, the apples are pre-cooled and then stored in plastic bags for storage. Before the end of October and after the early March of the second year, the outside temperature is higher than the temperature inside the cave. During this time, it is necessary to use the lower temperature such as nighttime and cold current for ventilation. That is, open the door and vents to allow outside cold air into the cave. When the outside temperature is higher than the internal temperature, close the door and the ventilation hole. In winter, when the outside temperature is not lower than -6°C, ventilation can still be performed. When the outside temperature drops to -10°C, the door must be closed and the ventilation holes must be opened. When the outside temperature falls below -10°C, stop the ventilation. In order to prevent fruit from frost damage, a temperature measurement point is set below the foremost part of the fruit storage section in the cave, as long as the temperature is controlled to be greater than -3°C. Improved management of the apple in the pit of the sweet potato and air-raid shelters. In general, the melon cellar is underground and consists of several small cellars. The cellar temperature is high, but the cellar's heat insulation performance is good, so long as additional vent holes are available for apple storage. Each Xiaoping cellar is provided with an inlet and an outlet in the diagonal direction, with a size of 4545 cm. The air inlet is flat and the outlet is higher than the cellar ceiling by 2 to 3 meters. An axial flow fan can be installed above to increase the pumping force. The improved air-raid shelter and sweet potato pit can maintain the apple at a lower temperature. Not only late-maturing varieties can be stored, but also medium-maturing varieties such as red stars and red jade can be stored. The stored apples have low decay rate, low water loss, and high hardness. The characteristics of low cost are the ideal storage place for rural areas to be stored in accordance with local conditions. (3) Storage of ventilation storage. The ventilation warehouse is a building with good ventilation and thermal insulation. It is a storage place where Apples are widely used for storage and sales. Before the apples are put into the warehouse, the warehouse must be cleaned, aired and disinfected. Sulfur fumigation is commonly used for disinfection, with 3 kg of sulfur per 100 cubic meters of storage capacity. The method is: Sulfur mixed with sawdust and ignited to produce sulfur dioxide, closed for two days, open the ventilation. Or add 40 parts of formalin (containing 40% of formaldehyde) to 1 part of water to form a disinfectant solution, spray the floor and walls, and ventilate after 24 hours of sealing. Pre-cooling is required before the apples are stored in the warehouse, and the storage temperature is lowered to about 10°C. The stacking method of fruit baskets (boxes) in the library is preferably in the form of flower pots. The floor tiles or sleepers should be placed under the roof, and there should be gaps between the walls and the walls. The passages should be kept between the walls to facilitate ventilation. Ventilation warehouse management with air-raid shelters. (4) Mechanical refrigeration. Most apples have a suitable storage temperature of -1 to 1°C and a relative humidity of about 90%. After harvesting, the apple can be stored in storage after being selected and stored. During the storage process, the storage temperature can be kept stable and the appropriate humidity can be achieved, so that long-term storage can be achieved. However, green bananas, Indians, Marshals, Hongyu, Guoguang and other species are prone to tiger skin disease during storage. Fruits need to be packed with fruit paper containing diphenylamine or ethoxyquin first, and each pack contains two fruits. Aniline or ethoxyquin 1.5 ~ 2 mg or fruit immersed in a solution containing ethoxyquin 0.25% ~ 0.35% for a while, and then refrigerated, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of apple tiger skin disease. (5) Atmosphere storage. There are two kinds of controlled atmosphere storage, namely, gas storage and spontaneous gas storage. The gas-conditioning storage has a highly sealed, well-insulated air-conditioned storage and an associated air-conditioning machine. The types of air conditioners include ancient combustion air conditioners, carbon molecular sieves suitable for use in small and medium-sized warehouses, and hollow fiber membrane nitrogen generators. Apple's air-conditioning storage is not a lot of applications in China, mainly for high-end apples to meet the needs of foreign markets. Spontaneously regulated gas storage is also called storage of plastic film bags, and it is a storage method used in storage in China at present. Small bags of plastic bags, storage of silicon window bags, storage of large plastic accounts, and storage of silicon windows are all self-regulating and storing. This storage method can be applied in places such as trenches, cellars, ventilating rooms, cold storages, etc., without requiring a specific storage place. It is more suitable for the level of rural economic development in our country and is therefore welcomed by the majority of farmers. Pay attention to the thickness of the bag when applying it. Red Star, Jin Shuai, India and other apples can use polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride bags with poor air permeability and thickness of 0.06-0.07 mm, while Guoguang and Red Fuji can use polyethylene with high permeability and thickness of 0.03-0.04 mm or poly. Vinyl chloride. Large plastic accounts generally use 0.2 mm thick polyethylene, which can be attached to the silicon window, each account can store apples 1000 to 2000 kg. (6) Double-change MAP storage. Double-variable atmosphere storage is an apple storage method developed in recent years in China. This method is suitable for places where natural cold sources are used for storage. Red Star, Golden Delicious and other apples are harvested and packed in 0.06 to 0.07 mm thick polyethylene bags. The temperature is kept below 10°C. After 90 days, the temperature at the storage site drops to 0°C as the outside temperature decreases. Oxygen was 3% throughout the storage period, and carbon dioxide was controlled at 12% for the first 45 days, 9% for the next 45 days, and then decreased to 6%, and was maintained until the end of storage. This method stored for 6 months, the fruit hardness is good, the appearance of bright color, good flavor, storage effect is better than 0 °C low temperature storage.