Wintering management of pond carp species in alpine areas

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In the high-cold area of ​​the Maowusu Desert at the site of the red alkali alfalfa in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province, the winter climate is cold. The thickness of ice in the pond reaches about 50cm, especially during the long 6-month wintering of fish, there is an ice-sealing period of nearly 5 months. For long periods of wintering, squid species consume a lot of energy. In the winter of 1999, the original pool fertilizer was used for overwintering and non-conservation ponds, and wintering management was strengthened and good results were achieved.
1 Overwintering Pond Conditions Wintering ponds are required to shelter from the sun, and there is no water seepage in the ponds. The water depth is maintained at more than 180cm. The silt in the bottom of the pond is shallow and the amount of organic matter is small.
2 wintering management
2.1 The wintering density of carp species To ensure safe wintering of carp species during wintering, a reasonable density is an effective measure to increase the survival rate. According to the author's experience, ponds with less silt and organic matter in the bottom of wintering ponds can be safely used for overwintering for 335.3 to 471.3 kg of overwintering carp species per acre.
2.2 Supplementary Water Sources It is best to supplement underground water with underground wells. Beforehand, an ice hole should be made at the inlet of the pond to allow new water to flow into the ice. The water source well should be within 500m away from the wintering pool. Because of the higher water temperature in the underground well, the ice layer in the water injection port is fast and the fresh water can be injected into the ice layer. The disadvantage is that the dissolved oxygen in the underground well is relatively low. It is not advisable to inject the canal water during the wintering period. Due to the low water temperature of the canal, even supplemental water flows into the surface of the ice sheet to form a new thin ice, which increases the thickness of the ice sheet. The supplemental water time is generally performed on a sunny morning.
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2.4 Playing Ice Caves and Cleaning Snow in the Overwintering Pool The surface of the ice formation in the overwintering pool forms an initial stage of thin ice. You can use the shovel and other tools to hit the ice. Every 500 to 800 square meters plays 1 to 2 ice caves with a thickness of 1 to 2 square meters. When it is large, from 9 to 11 a.m. every day, use a special ice-breaking tool to make an ice cave for every 800 to 1200 m2 and 1 to 2 ice caves for 1 m2. In case of snow days, the snow should be cleared in time in the wintering pool. When the snow is thick, the north and south direction of the snow can be stacked into strips to increase the intensity of sunlight and light transmittance.
3 Discussion
3.1 Enhancing Feeding Management before Overwintering When the water temperature is not lower than 9°C, the carp species are still feeding, and they should be fed once a day.
3.2 The water quality and ecological environment of the original pond of the carp seed pond and the wintering pond are more adaptable to the carp species, and at the same time, the mechanical damage in the process of pulling nets, salvaging, basket loading, and transportation is also avoided, and an intermediate link is reduced.
3.3 Overwintering status of carp species From the winter of 1999 to the spring of 2000, under the same density conditions of the same pond, we found that the overwintering leaking pool (the bottom outlet was not well treated), and the carp species were generally wasted. It is estimated that the leaking pool often supplements Celsius. The underground well water at 10 to 11°C has a certain amount of exchange capacity in the wintering ponds, the biological density of the diet is thin, and the feeding rate of the carp species is low. Furthermore, the water flow to stimulate the carp species stimulates the carp species and increases the amount of activity to consume its own energy. The body of the fish appears to be thin, without leaking the squid species wintering pond seldom supplements the underground well water. The natural bait resource is relatively large, the feeding probability is large, the fish species activity is small, and the physique is strong and the swimming is powerful when coming out of the pond. The fertilizer provides natural bait resources (plankton) to the carp species. When the bottom water temperature is 2.5 to 3.0°C after the ice formation, the overwintering carp species are examined by autopsy and there are undigested undigested bodies and rounds at the intestine front. The insect remnants, which are snow-covered sunny days on the surface of the ice, use granular feed as a bait at the ice cave to catch squid species, indicating that the squid species are feeding under the ice.
During the whole wintering period, the carp species spends most of their time under the ice. Due to the ice layer, the dissolved oxygen in wintering ponds is lower than that in the clear water period, but the wintering pond water temperature is only 2.5 to 3.0°C, and the fish species activity is small. Low oxygen consumption. The ice-sealing period has also created a safe place for wintering squid species and is not susceptible to damage by birds, thus increasing the survival rate and reducing losses.
3.4 After the first domestication After stocking, the temperature gradually increased in mid-March, and when the pond ice melted, when the water temperature rose to 8°C, pellet feed was fed every afternoon in the wintering pond Yangyang, 0.30 to 0.65 kg per mu, when the water temperature rose. When the temperature is about 11°C, the overfeeding winter fish species can be bred by stopping feeding. Although the ice layer melts, the feeding time is only about 10 days, prompting the overwintering carp species to feed again on pelleted feed for domestication. Reduced time. Practice has proved that this method can be successfully domesticated in about two days, and it has a particularly significant effect on the domestication of common carp species after ponds.

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