Scientists repeat the wheat evolution process to develop drought-resistant wheat

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According to "Nature" magazine's online version reported on January 3, 2006, through the repetition of the evolution of wheat in tens of millions of years, researchers are developing a new wheat variety resistant to drought, which is suitable for food shortages due to drought. Will benefit countless people. In general, two different species usually do not crossbred their offspring, because sperm and eggs of these two species do not have matching chromosomes during production, and sperm and eggs cannot be completely paired. However, sometimes a gene signal can multiply the chromosomes of sex cells and avoid some problems. If this type of heterosexual sex cells is combined, a brand new conception species with chromosome doubling will be generated. At present, the staple food wheat that the world’s population depends on is the product of two such rare genetic transformation processes that occurred in the crops of the “New Moon Wodi” in the Middle Ages during the Stone Age. Wheat has undergone two “multiplying chromosome insemination” behaviors during its evolution. About 30,000 years ago, a wild wheat crossed with a kind of fern grass produced the most primitive wheat cultivar, known as "dica wheat," which has four chromosomes. About 9,000 years ago, two wheats growing in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were crossed with another kind of fern grass to grow a wheat variety with six chromosomes. Due to the presence of multiple chromosomes, this hybrid wheat variety is larger in grain than its predecessors and has therefore become a widely cultivated crop for early farmers. This wheat-derived variety is now distributed throughout the world's agricultural growing areas. 500 million acres. However, the genetic events in the evolution of wheat have also brought about a negative side. As a result of the large-scale cultivation of wheat, the planting area of ​​other species has decreased, thus reducing the diversity of genes and limiting the cultivation of drought resistance and pests. The enthusiasm of the new breed. Researchers from Mexico's International Maize and Wheat Promotion Center collected wild grass from the Middle East and crossed it with modern wheat to regenerate new varieties of wheat. The researchers used chemicals to induce the experiment. The recurrence of chromosome doubles in the two wheat breeds to breed fertile hybrids. However, this new wheat variety is not suitable for planting itself because most new hybrids are more beneficial to weeds than wheat, so researchers will use traditional breeding methods to add useful genes to the wheat gene sequence. This kind of technology, like the genetic engineering method, allows wheat to have new genes, but researchers do not have to worry about which genes will be added to wheat. The researchers said at an international planting workshop that this genetic change in wheat can increase the drought resistance of wheat. The yield of new wheat varieties that the researchers have cultivated has increased by 20% over the yield of common varieties under drought conditions. At 40%, the International Maize and Wheat Promotion Center has sent samples of new varieties to research centers around the world to conduct local experiments and further improvements, and the initial results are satisfactory. Farmers in Ecuador, in the experiment of planting this new variety, produced much better than the local wheat varieties. Researchers expect that the new genes for wheat improvement will significantly increase production across the country in five to six years. A cereal expert from the John Innes Centre in the United Kingdom stated that developed countries may also benefit from this technology. Due to changes in the global climate, the European climate will become drier and the crops will be greatly affected. Therefore, it is valuable to solve such problems by adding new genes to wild species.

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